Peter Hurkos

Peter Hurkos (21 May, 1911, Dordrecht – 1 June, 1988, Los Angeles), born Pieter van der Hurk, was a Dutchman who claimed that he manifested extra-sensory perception following a head injury that resulted from fall from a ladder when he was age 30. [http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/collins/psych_6.html Crime Library] ] [http://www.iobabooks.com/books/2428047.html Summary of "The Psychic World of Peter Hurkos"] ] During World War II he was a member of the Dutch Resistance against the Nazis and was imprisoned in Buchenwald. With the help of businessman Henry Belk and parapsychologist Andrija Puharich, Hurkos became a popular entertainer known for performing psychic feats before live and television audiences (in a manner similar to Uri Geller).

Hurkos once described his psychic impressions thusly: "I see pictures in my mind like a television screen. When I touch something, I can then tell what I see." [ [http://www.peterhurkos.com/peter_biography.htm Peter Hurkos - Biography ] ]

Testing and analysis

Hurkos openly stated in a 1960 episode of "", after giving a lecture at MIT to a scientific panel, that he would participate in any scientific experiment under any circumstances.cite web
url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0507834/
title = "One Step Beyond": The Peter Hurkos Story: Part 1", 19 April 1960
work = Internet Movie Database
accessdate = 2008-03-14] cite web
url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0507835/
title = "One Step Beyond": The Peter Hurkos Story: Part 2", 26 April 1960
work = Internet Movie Database
accessdate = 2008-03-14] However, author and stage magician James Randi contends that Hurkos refused to allow his skill to be tested by scientists except for one session with Dr. Charles Tart of the University of California at Davis. Dr. Tart's tests were negative.

In his early career as a psychic entertainer, Hurkos purported that he employed his psychic powers to discern details of audience members' private lives that he could not otherwise have known. "The Skeptical Inquirer" published a transcription of such a reading in their Fall 1978 issue:

: Hurkos: I see an operation.: Subject: " [no response] ": Hurkos: Long time ago.: Subject: No. We have been lucky.: Hurkos: " [somewhat angrily] " Think! When you were a little girl. I see worried parents, and doctor, and scurrying about.: Subject: " [no response] ": Hurkos: " [confidently] " Long time ago.: Subject: " [yielding] " I cannot remember for certain. Maybe you are right. I'm not sure.

James Randi analyzed this and other transcripts of Hurkos performances, and professed to have identified a number of standard cold reading techniques. For example, Hurkos may begin with something seemingly personal, but actually quite common: a surgery. Hurkos does not specify that the subject underwent surgery; it could be any recent surgery of personal relevance to the subject. If this approach fails, Randi maintains, Hurkos would qualify the statement with the phrase "long time ago". At this point, any operation to any family member or friend in the subjects's own life would have been a "hit", and yet would have looked psychic because an operation is thought of as a private matter. Randi adds that the tone in Hurkos' voice is also significant: Hurkos presents himself as confident and knowing, and characterizes the subject as obstinate.

Other common techniques included guessing numbers of people in families (easy enough if you pick a typical number, and allow yourself to add frequent visitors or exclude family members who have moved away from home as needed to match the target, as Hurkos did), including nonsense words in his presentation that could be interpreted by the subject to have any one of many meanings, and guessing on the importance of common names, which could be permutated as needed until he got a hit. (He most commonly used the name "Ann", which would give him a hit with anybody who had a relative or friend or teacher or boss or co-worker named Ann or Anna, or Anastasia, etc., at any point in his or her life.)

During the 1970s, Hurkos sold readings for $200 each.Fact|date=February 2007 His official site claims that he found a crashed plane by looking at an upside-down map for the late Gen. Omar Bradley.Fact|date=February 2007

Refuted claims

Hurkos and his supporters maintained that he was a great psychic detective. By 1969, he cited the successful solution of 27 murder cases in 17 countries. However, in some cases the detectives assigned to these cases countered that Hurkos contributed no information unobtainable from newspapers and, in some cases, that he took no part in the investigations whatsoever. In response to Hurkos' claim that he located the stolen "Stone of Scone", Home Secretary Chuter Edge declared:

The gentleman in question whose activities have been publicized (though not by the police) was among a number of persons authorized to come to Westminster Abbey to examine the scene of the crime. He was not invited by the police, his expenses have not been refunded by the Government, and he did not obtain any result whatsoever.

Hurkos also claimed to have identified the Boston Strangler, and he did in fact travel to Boston and spend time with the police there. However, he was not of help to them. Several days after he concluded his consultation, he was arrested (and eventually convicted) for impersonating a police officer. Hurkos allegedly posed as a police officer in order to gather information that he could later claim to be psychic revelations.

In the case of John Norman Collins, he sometimes claimed the killer was blond, other times brown-haired, so that he could claim victory either way. He made other claims about the killer that were simply wrong. He claimed to have identified Charles Manson to police, but this was not true; Manson was identified by his supporter Susan Atkins to a cellmate while she was in jail for a different crime. In fact, Hurkos "had" been to the Tate residence to do a "reading", but his guesses, including descriptions how the "killings erupted during a black magic ritual known as 'goona goona'", were inaccurate.cite book|author=Bugliosi, Vincent, with Curt Gentry|title=Helter Skelter|pages=page 75|year=1975|publisher=Bantam|id=ISBN 0-553-27829-0]

Popularization

Despite refutations, Hurkos remained famous. He has several successful television specials, including:

* Japan: "The Greatest Psychic in The World . . . Peter Hurkos", a six-hour, two-part special on TV-TOKYO and NET-TV, filmed at Dr. Puharich's lab in Dobson, North Carolina where Hurkos was specifically tested for this special, and also on location in Japan

* The Netherlands: "Peter Hurkos", a four-part, nine-hour special for TROST-TV, highlighting Hurkos' attempt to use his abilities to help Dutch millionaire Maup Caransa find his former kidnappersFact|date=March 2008

* Canada: "Psych-Out with Peter Hurkos", a 150-minute special for CBC which created a circuit overflow when Hurkos began speaking with the home audiences by telephoneFact|date=February 2007

He also appeared three times on "The Tonight Show" with Johnny Carson.Fact|date=June 2007His story was told on the television program "One Step Beyond" as "The Peter Hurkos Story: Parts 1 and 2".

Numerous periodicals reported Hurkos' exploits throughout his lifetime: "Time", "Newsweek", "Omni", "Life", "True", "Reader's Digest", "Playboy", "The National Enquirer", "Ladies Home Journal", et al. Hurkos himself published three books: "Psychic" (Bobbs-Merrill), "The Psychic World of Peter Hurkos", (Doubleday), and "Peter Hurkos: I Have Many Lives" (Doubleday). Various authors have described and examined various details of Hurkos' life and alleged ESP in more than 75 published books.

He also appeared in several motion pictures as himself, including "The Amazing World of Psychic Phenomena" (Sunn International), "Mysterious Monsters" (David Wolper), and "Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep" (Paramount). George Voskovec portrayed Hurkos in "The Boston Strangler", the 1968 film adaptation of Gerold Frank's 1966 book of the same name. His life was also the basis for the Stephen King novel "The Dead Zone".Fact|date=March 2008

Hurkos' hobbies included gardening and oil painting. At one time, one of his paintings was on display in New York's Museum of Modern Art. The personal art collection of Ronald Reagan reportedly includes multiple Hurkos paintings, as does the General Omar N. Bradley Museum in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.Fact|date=March 2008

At the time of his death, Peter Hurkos resided in Studio City, Los Angeles, California. Ironically, he failed to predict accurately the date of his own death. Although he prophesied that he would die on 17 November 1961, he did not die until 1 June 1988, at Cedar-Sinai Hospital in West Hollywood, California.

See also

* Arthur Ford
* Char Margolis
* Clever Hans
* Forer effect
* Hot reading
* James Pike
* James Randi
* John Edward
* Jomanda
* Mirin Dajo
* Uri Geller

References

Sources

* Ramsland, Katherine. [http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/collins/psych_6.html?sect=2 "Chapter 6: Enter the Psychic."] "John Norman Collins: The Co-Ed Killer".

* Randi, James. "An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural". St. Martin's Press, 1995.

* Randi, James. "Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and other Delusions". Prometheus Books, 1982: pp. 270–272.

External links

* [http://www.peterhurkos.com/ www.peterhurkos.com] (official site)