Shimon Hakham

Rabbi Shimon Hakham (1843, Bukhara- 1910, Jerusalem) was a Bukharian-Jewish rabbi residing in Jerusalem who promoted literacy by translating Hebrew religious books into Bukhori.

Rabbi Hakham was born into a religious family and is the great-grandson of Rabbi Moshe Maimon, who led a religious revival among Bukharian Jews. Taking a great interest in literature, Hakham spoke Persian, Hebrew, and Arabic. In 1870, he opened the "Talmid Hakham' yeshiva in Bukhara, where religious law was promoted.

At that time Bukharian Jews were getting only a general education, which mostly consisted of religious laws, reading, writing and some math. Even though studying religion took most of the time, many Bukhairan Jews did not speak fluent Hebrew. Only a few books were written in Persian and many of them were old and incomplete.

Shimon Hakham decided to change this situation by translating religious books into Bukharian language. But since there was no printing in Bukhara at that time, he went to Jerusalem to print his books. In 1892 Shimon Hakham was one of the organizers of Jerusalem’s Bukharian Quarter(Heb: Sh'hunat HaBucharim), where Bukharian synagogues, schools and printing were opened.

After coming back to Bukhara, where he distributed his books, Shimon again went to Jerusalem and spent there his remaining years. The period from 1900 until Shimon’s death in 1910 was one of the best in Bukharian literature. Shimon Haham rewrote the whole Torah in the Bukharian language. He also wrote and translated the following books: "Likudei dinim" (1900), "Dreams and their meaning" (1901), "Yosef and Zuleiha" (1902), "The Passover Haggadah" (1904), and "Meghilat Ester" (1905). Among his secular translations was the novel "Ahavat Zion" (Kissaii Amnun va Tomor)by Avraham Mapu. During his life Shimon Haham wrote and translated into Bukharian more than 50 books. Many of his books and translations are still popular among Bukharian Jews. He died in 1910 and is buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.

In 1986, the Hebrew Union College published an English study and translation of "Hakham's Musa-Nama", edited by Herbert. H. Paper. This work is Bukhori for "Book of Moses." In 1991, he was honored with a postage stamp issued by the state of Israel.