- Salm (state)
Infobox Former Country
native_name = "Grafschaft(en) Salm"
conventional_long_name = County (Counties) of Salm
common_name = Salm|
continent = Europe
region = Rhine basin
country = Germany
era = Middle Ages
status = Vassal
status_text = State of theHoly Roman Empire , then
State of theConfederation of the Rhine
empire = Holy Roman Empire
government_type = Principality|
year_start = 1019
year_end = 1815|
event_start = Partitioned from County
of Saarbrücken
date_start =
1019
event1 = First partitioned into
Lower andUpper Salm
date_event1 =
1165
event2 =Lower Salm extinct; to
Reifferscheid-Dyck
date_event2 =
1416
event3 = Part ofUpper Salm to
Wild- and Rhinegraves
date_event3 =
1475
event4 = Annexed to Imperial
"département " of Lippe
date_event4 =
1810–11
event_end = Mediatised to Prussia
date_end = |
p1 = County of Saarbrücken
image_p1 =
s1 = Kingdom of Prussia
flag_s1 = Flag of Prussia (1803).gif|
|
image_map_caption = |
capital =Vielsalm (originally)|
footnotes =Salm is the name of several historic
countship s and principalities in presentGermany ,Belgium ,Luxembourg andFrance .History
Origins
The
County ofSalm arose in the 10th century inVielsalm , in theArdennes region of present Belgium. It was ruled by a junior branch of theHouse of Luxembourg , called theHouse of Salm .In 1165, it was divided into the counties of Lower Salm, in the
Ardennes , situated inBelgium undLuxembourg , and the county of Upper Salm, situated in theVosges mountains , present France.Lower Salm
:"main articles:
House of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg andHouse of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck "The counts of Lower Salm became extinct in 1416, and the county was inherited by the House of Reifferscheid-Dyck. In 1628 the county was elevated to an altgraviate, and hence forth the
fief was renamed theAltgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid .In 1639 the Altgraviate was divided up into the
Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg , to the Northwest ofCologne , and theAltgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck ,Neuss .alm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg
:"main articles:
House of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz ,House of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach andHouse of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim "In 1734 the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was divided in three by splitting off the
Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz , fromBohemia n descent, and theAltgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach from the original altgraviate.In 1803 the, smaller, Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was renamed the
Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim . In 1804 it was raised to aprincipality , und existed until 1806, when it was mediatised.alm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
The county was mediatised, and the family branch became extinct in 1888.
Upper Salm
:"main articles:
House of Salm-Blankenburg ,House of Salm-Badenweiler ,House of Salm-Dhaun andHouse of Salm-Kyburg "In 1246 the County of Upper Salm was split up, and the
County of Salm-Blankenburg came into existence, next to it.In 1431 the County of Upper Salm was split up again, and the
County of Salm-Badenweiler came into existence, next to it.The County of Upper Salm was inherited by the
Wild- and Rhinegraves in 1475, who then called their fief theWild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm .In 1499 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was divided up into two entities, the
Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg and theWild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Dhaun .alm-Blankenburg
The county became extinct in 1506, and was inherited by the
House of Lorraine .alm-Badenweiler
In 1520 the County of Salm-Badenweiler was split up, and the
County of Salm-Neuburg came into existence, next to it. In 1653 the fief was inherited by the AustrianHouse of Sinzendorf , but the House of Salm kept using the title until 1784, when the last lord died.The county was annexed by the
House of Lorraine from 1600 until 1608, when it came back into the family. 1670 the territory was finally annexed byFrance .alm-Kyrburg
:"main articles:
House of Salm-Mörchingen andHouse of Salm-Tronecken In 1607 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg was divided in three by splitting of the
Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Mörchingen and theWild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Tronecken from the original Wild- and Rhinegraviate. In 1637 the lord of Salm-Tronecken died and his territories were joined with ... . In 1681 the last lord of Salm-Kyrburg died, and his territories were joined with Salm-Mörchingen.In 1688 the last lord of Salm-Mörchingen died. His territories were joined with ... .
In 1743 a completely new territory of Salm-Kyrburg was created, this time the
Principality of Salm-Kyrburg . It was shortly annexed by France in 1811 and mediatised in 1813. But the family kept using the titles. They were inherited by theHouse of Salm-Salm in 1905.alm-Dhaun
:"main articles:
House of Salm-Püttlingen ,House of Salm-Neuweiler andHouse of Salm-Grumbach In 1561 the
Wild-and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Neuweiler and theWild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Grumbach were split off Salm-Dhaun.In 1697 the
Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Püttlingen was split off Salm-Dhaun.In 1748 the Salm-Dhaun branch of the family became extinct, its territories went to the branch of Salm-Püttlingen.
alm-Püttlingen
Salm-Püttlingen went extinct in 1750. Their territories went to ... .
alm-Neuweiler
:"main articles:
House of Salm-Salm ,House of Salm-Leuze andHouse of Salm-Hoogstraten "In 1610 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Salm was split off Salm-Neuweiler. It was elevated to the Principality of Salm-Salm in 1623.
In 1803, when the
Bishopric of Münster was secularized, part of it was given to the princes ofSalm-Salm . This new principality of Salm-Salm, covering the area around Borken,Ahaus and Bocholt, was a member of theConfederation of the Rhine . In 1810 it was annexed by France, as a part of the Imperialdépartement of Lippe. After the defeat ofNapoleon in 1815, it was mediatized toPrussia . The family branch exist until today.In 1696 Salm-Neuweiler was divided in two, the
Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Leuze and theWild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Hoogstraten . Their lands were incorporated intoBelgium . The branches became extinct in 1887 and 1186.alm-Grumbach
:"main articles:
House of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler andHouse of Salm-Horstmar "In 1668 the
Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler was split off Salm-Grumbach. It was mediatised and incorporated into Prussia. The branch extinction occurred in 1819.In 1803 Salm-Grumbach was annexed by France. The lords of Salm-Grumbach received the
Principality of Salm-Horstmar as compensation in 1803. It was mediatised in 1813. The family branch sold its titles to Salm-Salm in 1892.List of states
* 1019–1165 :
County of Salm (Lower and Upper Salm)
** 1165–1416 :County of Lower Salm / 1416–1628 : County ofSalm-Reifferscheid / 1628-1639 Altgraviate ofSalm-Reifferscheid
*** 1639–1803 : Altgraviate ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg
**** 1803–1804 : Altgraviate ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim
***** 1804–1806 : Principality ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1893)
**** 1734–1790 : County ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Raitz
***** 1790–1811 : Principality ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (mediatised to Austria, branch still extant)
**** 1734–1811 : County ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1897)
*** 1639–1806 : Altgraviate ofSalm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1888)
** 1165–1475 :County of Upper Salm / 1475-1499 :Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm (House of Salm-Dhaun and House of Salm-Kyrburg)
*** 1210–1500 : County ofSalm-Blankenburg (House of Lorraine)
*** 1431–1670 : County ofSalm-Badenweiler (House of Bourbon)
**** 1520–1784 : County ofSalm-Neuburg (House of Sinzendorf)
*** 1499–1748 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Dhaun (House of Salm-Püttlingen)
**** 1697–1750 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Püttlingen (?)
**** 1561–1696 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Neuweiler (House of Salm-Leuze and House of Salm-Hoogstraten)
***** 1574-1738 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Salm
****** 1738–1810 : Principality ofSalm-Salm (mediatised to Prussia)
***** 1696–1742 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Leuze
****** 1742–1743 : Principality ofSalm-Leuze (House of Salm-Kyrburg)
***** 1696–1738 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Hoogstraten (later known as House of Salm-Salm)
**** 1561–1803 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Grumbach (mediatised to Prussia)
***** 1803–1813 : Principality ofSalm-Horstmar (mediatised to Prussia, branch still extant)
***** 1668-????' Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofRheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler (branch became extinct in 1819)
*** 1499–1681 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Kyrburg (House of Salm-Mörchingen)
**** 1607-1637 : Wild and Rhinegraviate ofSalm-Tronecken (branch became extinct in 1637)
**** 1607–1688 : Wild- and RhinegraviateSalm-Mörchingen (branch became extinct in 1688)
*** 1743–1810 : Principality ofSalm-Kyrburg (mediatised to Prussia)List of Rulers
Counts of Salm (1019–1165)
House of Salm
* Giselbert (1019–1059)
* Herman I (1059–1088)
* Herman II (1088–1138)
* Herman (1138–1140)
* Henry (1140–1165)Counts and Altgraves of Lower Salm (1165-1628-1639)
House of Salm
* Frederick I (1163-1172)
* Frederick II (1172-1210)
* Gerhard (1210-1240)
* Henry III (1240-1247)
* Henry IV (1247-1265)
* William (1265-1297)
* Henry V (1297-1336)
* Henry VI (1336-1362)
* John (1362-1370)
* Henry VII (1370-1416)House of Reifferscheid-Dyck
* Otto (1416-1455)
* John I (1455-1475)
* John II (1475-1479)
* Peter (1479-1505)
* John III (1505-1537)
* John IV (1537-1559)
* Werner (1559-1629)
* Ernst Frederick, (1629-1639) first altgraveAltgraves of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur and Princes of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (1639-1803-1893)
House of Reifferscheid-Dyck
* Erik Adolf (1639-1673)
* Francis William (1673-1734)
* Charles Anthony (1734-1755)
* Sigismund (1755-1798)
* Francis William, reign (1798-1806) last altgrave (1803–1804), first prince (1804–1806) died 1831
* Constantin (1831-1856), title in pretence
* Francis Charles (1856-1860)
* Leopold (1860-1893)
* Alfred (1893-1924)Altgraves of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainspach (1734-1811-1897)
House of Reifferscheid-Dyck
* Leopold Anthony (1734–1769)
* Francis Wenceslaus (1769–1832), title in pretence since 1811
* Francis Vincent (1832-1842)
* John (1842-1847)
* Francis Joseph (1847-1887)
* Alois (1887-1897)Altgraves and Princes of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (1734-1790-1918)
House of Reifferscheid-Dyck
* Anthony (1734–1769)
* Charles Joseph , last altgrave (1769-1790), first prince (1790-1811)
* Hugh I Francis (1811-1836), title in pretence
* Hugh II Charles (1836-1888)
* Hugh III (1888-1890)
* Hugh IV (1890-1903)
* Hugh V Leopold (1903-1946)
*Hugh VI
* Hugh VII (born 1973)Altgraves of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (1639-1806-1888)
House of Reifferscheid-Dyck
* Ernest Salentin (1639–1684)
* Francis Ernest (1684–1721)
* August Eugene Bernard (1721–1767)
* William (1767–1775)
* Joseph (1775–1806) in pretence till 1861
* Alfred (1861-1888), title to branch of Salm-Reifferscheid-KrautheimCounts and Wild- and Rhinegraves of Upper Salm (1210-1475-1499)
* Henry I (1165-1210)
* Henry II (1210-1240)
* Henry III (1240-1293)
* John I (1293-1326)
* Nicolas (1326-1343)
* John II (1343-1351)
* Simon I (1351-1360)
* John III (1360-1386)
* Simon II (1386-1397)
* John IV (1397-1431)
* Simon III (1431-1475)
* John V, (1475-1495) first wild- and Rhinegrave
* John VI (1495-1499)Counts of Salm-Blankenburg (1210-1506)
* Frederick I (1210-1270)
* Henry I (1270-1301)
* Henry II (1301-1361)
* Theobald I (1361-1363)
* Henry III (1363-1382)
* Theobald II (1382-1396)
* Henry IV (1396-1441)
* Frederick II (1441-1442)
* Theobald III (1442-1443)
* Louis (1443-1503)
* Ulrick (1503-1506)Counts of Salm-Badenweiler (1431-1600)
* John V (1431-1451)
* John VI (1451-1505)
* John VII (1505-1548)
* John VIII (1548-1600)Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Dhaun (1499-1748)
* Philip (1499-1521)
* Philip Francis (1521-1561)
* John Philip I (1561-1569)
* Frederick (1569-1574)
* Adolf Henry (1574-1606)
* Wolfgang Frederick (1606-1638)
* John Louis (1638-1673)
* John Philip (1673-1693)
* Charles (1693-1733)
* John Philip III (1733-1742)
* Christian Otto (1742-1748)Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Neuweiler (1561-1696)
* Frederick I (1561-1610)
* Frederick II (1610-1673)
* Charles Florentin (1673-1676)
* Frederick Charles (1676-1696)Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Leuze and Princes of Salm-Kyburg (1696-1743-1813-1905)
* Henry Gabriel (1696-1716)
* Philip Joseph, last wild- and Rhinegrave (1716-1743), first sovereign prince (1743–1779)
* Frederick III (1779–1794)
* Frederick IV, last sovereign prince (1794–1813), first mediatised prince (1813-1859)
* Frederick V (1859–1887)
* Frederick VI Louis (1887–1905)Wild- and Rhinegraves and Princes of Salm-Hoogstraten (1696-1739-1886)
* William Florentin (1696-1707)
* Nicolas Leopold I, (1707-1770) first princesee Princes of Salm-SalmWild- and Rhinegraves and Princes of Salm-Salm (1574-1738-1813-present)
* Frederick I, first and last wild- and Rhinegrave (1574–1608)
* Philip Otto, last count (????-????), first prince (1608–1634)
* Leopold Philip (1634–1663)
* Charles Theodor Otto (1663–1710)
* Louis Otto, last prince (1710–1738)
* Nicholas Leopold I, first sovereign prince (1739–1770)
* Louis Otto Charles (1770–1771)
* Maximilian (1771–1773)
* Louis Otto Charles (1773–1778)
* Constantine Alexander, last sovereign prince (1778–1813)
* Constantin Alexander, first mediatised prince (1813–1828)
* Florentin (1828–1846)
* Alfred I (1846–1886)
* Nicolas Leopold II (1886–1908)
* Alfred II (1908–1923)
* Nicolas Leopold III (1923–1988)
* Charles-Philip (1988–present)
** Emanuel, heir (born 1961)Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Püttlingen (1697-1750)
* Vollrath Victor (1697-1730)
* John (1730-1750)
* Frederick
* Frederick William (????-1748)
* John Frederick (1748-1750)
* Charles Leopold Louis (1750-1750)
* Frederick William (1750-1750)
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