Fan film

A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in quality, as well as in "length", from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures.

History

The technology required to make fan films was a limiting factor until relatively recently. In the 1960s UCLA film student Don Glut filmed a series of short black and white "underground films", based on adventure and comic book characters from 1940s and 1950s motion picture serials. Around the same time, artist Andy Warhol produced a film called "Batman Dracula" which could be described as a fan film. But it wasn't until the 1970s that the popularization of science fiction conventions allowed fans to show their films to the wider fan community.

Most of the more prominent science fiction films and television shows are represented in fan films; these include "Star Wars" (see ), "Star Trek" (see Star Trek fan productions), "Doctor Who" (see Doctor Who spin-offs), and "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" (see Unofficial Buffy the Vampire Slayer productions). Because fan films generally utilize characters and storylines copyrighted and trademarked by the original filmmakers, they are rarely distributed commercially for legal reasons. They are exhibited by various other methods, including showings at comic book and science fiction conventions, and distribution as homemade videos, ranging from VHS videocassettes to CD-ROMs and DVDs.

Due to the rise of the Internet, more and more fan films are being made available online. [http://www.fanfilms.net/ FanFilms.net] provides a general overview, whereas many examples of fan films can be found on dedicated websites such as [http://www.fanfilms.com TheForce.net] , which hosts many "Star Wars" fan films, as well as [http://www.batmanfanfilms.com BatmanFanFilms.com] which hosts dozens of "Batman" related fan films, trailers, teasers and screenplays. Many comic book or "super-hero" related fan films are also listed by such sites as [http://www.comics2film.com/ Comics2Film.com] , and [http://www.ifilm.com iFilm] . There are also many James Bond fan films scattered around Commanderbond.net, MI6.co.uk, Youtube and others.

Some fan film productions achieve significant quantity and or quality. For instance, the Star Trek [http://hiddenfrontier.com/ Hidden Frontier] series has sofar produced 50 episodes over 7 seasons - compared to only 34 episodes for well-known sci-fi series Battlestar Galactica (1978) and Galactica 1980 (1980) "combined".

started as a fan production, but has since attracted support from several crew and cast members from the different Star trek series as well as a wide audience.

, a Finnish feature-length spoof of both Trek and Babylon 5, has attracted over 4 million downloads and has been released on DVD in several countries, making it possibly the most successful Finnish movie-production to date.

Authorized fan films

Until relatively recently, fan films operated under the radar of the commercial operations, but the explosion of fan productions brought about by affordable consumer equipment and animation programs, along with the ease of distribution created by the Internet has prompted several studios to create official policies and programs regarding their existence.

The highest profile of these programs has been Lucasfilm's Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards, which used to permit only documentary, mockumentary, and parody entries, while prohibiting serious fan fiction. However, this restriction was lifted for the 2007 awards. Lucasfilm's limited support and sanction of fan creations is a marked contrast to the attitudes of many other copyright holders. Some owners, such as Paramount Pictures with Star Trek, or DC Comics with Batman and Superman, have been known to actively discourage the creation of such works by fans, or take action to prevent their exhibition.

Unlike many American TV shows, the British series "Doctor Who" allowed its writers to retain the rights to characters and plot elements that they created - most famously with Terry Nation's Daleks. While the BBC has never licensed the character of the Doctor for use in fan films, a number of the writers have consented to allow the monsters and supporting characters they created to be used in direct-to-video productions (see Doctor Who spin-offs).

The creators of "Red Dwarf" sponsored a fan film contest of their own in 2005, with a fairly wide remit ranging from fictional stories set in the "Red Dwarf" universe to documentaries about the show and its fandom. The two winning shorts were a spoof documentary charting attempts to find funding for a "Red Dwarf" movie, and an animated short "episode" of the show. These two films were featured in their entirety as bonus features on the Series VII DVD release in November 2005, along with a montage of clips from the runner-up entries. This made them among the first fan films to be commercially released by a property's original creators.

Further reading

*"Homemade Hollywood: Fans Behind the Camera" by Clive Young.
*"Wired" News: [http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,64067,00.html A Wretched Hive of Fan Films] - on the development of fan films.
*"The Weekly Standard": [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/083mvybq.asp The Fan Films Strike Back]
* [http://www.fancinematoday.com FanCinemaToday.com] - A daily fan-film news blog.

External links

:"For an impression of the extensiveness of the fanfilm phenomenon, as well as a comprehensive list - see [http://www.fanfilms.net/ www.FanFilms.net] "

"Ghostbusters"
* [http://www.braxtanfilm.com/fvgb.html "Freddy vs. Ghostbusters"] - a crossover fan film of Ghostbusters and the "Nightmare on Elm Street" films.
** [http://www.returnoftheghostbusters.com "Return of the Ghostbusters"] - a continuation of the Ghostbuster characters introduced in "Freddy vs. Ghostbusters."

"Doctor Who"
* [http://www.dwffdb.bravehost.com The "Doctor Who" Fan Film Database]

"Hellraiser"
* [http://www.cenobite.com/fan/film/index.htm The "Hellraiser" Fan Film Guide]

"Indiana Jones"
* [http://www.theraider.net/community/theater/index.php Indiana Jones fanfilm listing at TheRaider.net]

"Red Dwarf"
* [http://www.ganymede.tv/productions/tmynyn Ganymede & Titan] - Home of official "Red Dwarf" Fan Film Competition winner

"Star Wars"
* [http://www.fanfilms.com FanFilms.com] - "Star Wars" and other genre fanfilms hosted at TheForce.Net
* [http://www.atomfilms.com AtomFilms] - Home of The Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards
* [http://www.fanfilmsforum.com FanFilmsForum.com] - Online forum dedicated to the creation and discussion of fan films

"Superheroes"
* [http://www.batmanfanfilms.com BatmanFanFilms.com] - Batman related fan films
* [http://www.comics2film.com/movies/ Comics2Film Cinema] - Superhero related fanfilms
* [http://www.superheroeslives.com Superheroes Lives] - Superhero related fan films

"Xena & Hercules"
* [http://xff.wz.cz/eng.htm Xena Fan Films] - fan films based on characters of "Xena: Warrior Princess" and "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys"