- Tepetlaoxtoc de Hidalgo
Infobox Settlement
official_name =
name = Tepetlaoxtoc (de Hidalgo)
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settlement_type = Town & Municipality
total_type =Municipality
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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = MEX
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 =State of Mexico
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leader_title = Municipal President
leader_name = Juan Vázquez González (2006-2009)
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established_title = Founded
established_date = 1114
established_title2 = Municipal Status
established_date2 =1820
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population_as_of = 2005
population_footnotes = Municipality
population_note =
population_total = 25,523
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population_blank1_title = Seat
population_blank1 = 5,602
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timezone = CST
utc_offset = -6
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latd =19 | latm =34 | lats =23 | latNS =N
longd =98 | longm=49 | longs=13 | longEW =W
elevation_footnotes = of seat
elevation_m = 2300
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postal_code_type = Postal code (of seat)
postal_code = 56070
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blank1_name =Demonym
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footnotes =Tepetlaoxtoc de Hidalgo is a town and the seat of the municipality of Tepetlaoxtoc, which contains the archeological site of
Tepetlaoxtoc , in theState of Mexico inMexico . The name Tepetlaoxtoc comes fromNáhuatl and means in limestone caves, and is used interchangably to refer to the town, the municipality and the archeological ruins. 'de Hidalgo' was added to the town's name to honorMiguel Hidalgo who began theMexican War of Independence . It is located about 100 km northeast ofMexico City cite web |url= http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15093a.htm |title= Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Tepetlaoxtoc |accessdate= 2008-03-25 ]The town
The location of this town is one of the oldest settlements of the
Valley of Mexico . During the era ofTeotihuacán , it was part of a city calledPatlachique . Because of this association, this area inherited and improved uponToltec andChichimeca culture and architecture, whose ruins can still be seen. After the fall of Teotihuacán and Tula, the town came under the rule and influence of a number of other cultures such as theChimalhuacan ,Xaltocan ,Zumpango ,Tenayuca , andAyotla most of these being associated with the Náhuatl (Aztec) culture. Tepetlaoxtoc, along with these towns was invaded by the Chichimeca chief Xólotl, whose son Nopaltzin discovered the ruins of the ancient Teotihuacán-era city. The Tepetlaoztoc Codex, also called the Kingsborough Codex, written in1554 puts the foundation of the ancient city at about1114 , but theTexcoco chronicler Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlixóchitl, puts the foundation date at about1207 . This area never formally became part of theAztec Empire but during the time ofNezahualcóyotl , the lord of the area was Cocopin, who married a daughter ofNezahualcóyotl , called Azcaxóchitl or Azcasuch, to secure an alliance. She succeeded her husband to the lordship of Tepetlaoxtoc, the only female to ever rule the area. After the Spanish conquest, the lord of the area, Tlilpotonqui, permitted himself to be baptized and called Don Diego, and kept a certain amount of autonomy under Spanish rule. Don Diego ruled over 70 years but left no heirs so this arrangement ended in1593 when the government passed into the hands of Luis de Tejada.The friar
Domingo de Betanzos chose Tepetlaoxtoc to found a hermitage, small cloister and chapel between1527 and1528 , which the Indians called Tlaxcantla. The monastery of Santa María Magdalena was founded in1535 , becoming a parish in1646 . The town was an "ayuntamiento" (or seat) by the early 1800s. During the rest of the century, its economy and political importance grew to lead the Congress of the State of Mexico to rename the town Villa (town) de Tepetlaoxtoc de Hidalgo. During theMexican Revolution , the town was completely destroyed by theLiberation Army of the South (Zapatistas) and was abandoned. While people did eventually return, the town never regained the economic importance it once had.The population of the town as of
2005 was 5,602 and is located at an altitude of 2300 meters above sea level.cite web |url=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/default.asp?s=est&c=10395 |title=Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER) |accessdate=2008-03-24 ]The municipality
As municipal seat, the town of Tepetlaoxtoc de Hidalgo has governing jurisdicion over the following communities: Concepción Jolalpan, Los Reyes Nopala, San Andrés de las Peras, San Bernardo Tlalmimilolpan, San José del Moral (El Moral), San Juan Totolapan, San Nicolás (San Nicolás Altica), San Pedro Chiautzingo, Santo Tomás Apipilhuasco (Santo Tomás), La Trinidad, La Virgen, La Loma (San Isidro), Rancho Maldonado, Atlahutle, San Antonio, Colonia Tulteca Teopan, La Venta (La Loma), El Árbol, La Besana, Las Liebres, Colonia Pinar de Santa Cecilia, La Huerta los Ruiloba, Rancho Molino Blanco, Rancho los Nogales (El Nogal), Rancho el Potrillo, El Revire, Rancho San Gabriel, San Telmo, Santiago Papalotla (Ejido de Papalotla), Rancho el Techachal, Tecorral, Rancho el Cortijo Tetlameya, Rancho Lauro del Río, Rancho el Oasis, Granja María Antonieta, Ejido de San Francisco Tlaltica (Las Joyas), El Tepetloxto (Colonia Lomas de San Gabriel), Rancho Chiconcuajio, La Cuesta, Polvorones, San José Bellavista, Hacienda de la Flor, Rancho San Antonio, El Tetepayo and La Presa. The municipality had a total population of 25,523 people in 2005.
The municipality borders the municipalities of
Teotihuacán de Arista ,San Martín de las Pirámides ,Otumba ;Papalotla ,Acolman ,Chiautla andTexcoco as well as the states ofTlaxcala andPuebla . It has a territory of 172.38 km². The terrain is hilly with the western part belonging to the Sierra Norte. The highest elevations are (in meter above sea level) Huilotepec (3,550m), Tlamacas (3,340), Montecillo-el Organo (3,100), Huilo Chico (3090), and Tepeyahualco (3000). In1977 , the state government set aside 3, 123 hectares in the municipality as the Parque “Sierra Patlachique”(Sierra Patlachique Park). 90% of the municipality's economy is still agricultural, with many rural people living onejido s and taking secondary work in addition. Despite the ancient ruins, tourism has not been developed here. In addition to the main ruins near the seat, other significant sites include: Texocotla, Texaxal, and Xoxoqui.References
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