- Camp Thomas
Camp Thomas was a
United States Regular Army training facility located inColumbus, Ohio , during theAmerican Civil War . It was primarily used to organize and train newinfantry regiment s for service in the Western Theater.Establishment
With the outbreak of the Civil War and the bombardment of
Fort Sumter inSouth Carolina , PresidentAbraham Lincoln called for 100,000 volunteers to put down the growing rebellion. ColonelHenry B. Carrington had been commissioned to raise troops for the expandedUnited States Army in Ohio,Indiana , and Pennsylvania. In July 1861, he established a training camp on the Solomon Beers farm along the Delaware Road, four miles north of the city of Columbus. He named the new facility "Camp Thomas" in honor of ColonelLorenzo Thomas , theAdjutant General of the U. S. Army. [Johnson, p. 20.] Camp Thomas augmented the nearbyCamp Chase , a similar military camp established for the state's regiments raised for the volunteerUnion Army .Temporary structures were erected for the new camp's headquarters, as well as the guard room and hospital. Streets were lined out and tents erected as shelters for the incoming new recruits, who began arriving in mid-August. Among the prominent officers at Camp Thomas during the war was Captain
William J. Fetterman , who arrived five days after Carrington opened the camp. He would later killed and his troops massacred bySioux Indians. MajorWilliam Axton Stokes , later a leading Philadelphiaattorney , for a period commanded Camp Thomas.18th U.S. Infantry
For most of the war, Camp Thomas served as the headquarters for the
18th U.S. Infantry , with the roster of the First Battalion being filled by Colonel Carrington and his recruiters in early September. Later in the month, Carrington organized the Second Battalion of six additional companies. In October, General-in-ChiefWinfield Scott arrived in Columbus to tour the camp and review the new regiment. The 18th Infantry drilled at the camp for several weeks before moving to the front lines in Kentucky. A similar camp was authorized by Scott atPerryville, Maryland , to train regiments for duty in the Eastern Theater.On
November 3 ,1861 , abattalion of the16th U.S. Infantry under Major Sidney Coolidge arrived at Camp Thomas after its home base, Camp Slemmer inChicago, Illinois , was closed. Additional recruits arrived and, by the end of the month, two additional companies had been raised to join the four from Illinois.The camp remained active throughout the war as headquarters for the 18th U.S. Infantry, and served as a training base for fresh recruits needed to refill the ranks after significant combat losses at battles such as Stones River. (The 16th U.S. Infantry moved its base to
Fort Ontario inNew York .) For most of the war, Camp Thomas was under the jurisdiction of Brig. Gen.John S. Mason . A few volunteer regiments and artillery batteries, such as the 22nd Ohio Battery, also trained at Camp Thomas for various periods. [Lee, Volume II, p. 133.]Frequent attempts were made to convince the Army to erect more permanent structures than tents and the three canvas-roofed timber buildings, but these were denied. Columbus officials hoped that brick or stone buildings would prove more lasting (and keep the base open after the war); they also wanted a military cemetery established for the dead of the 18th U.S. Infantry. Nothing came of the plans.
Following the Civil War, the camp was decommissioned. By order of the Secretary of War, Camp Thomas was discontinued as a recruiting depot for the Regular Army early in October 1866. Within a few years, all traces of the camp were essentially gone.
References
* Johnson, Mark W., "That Body of Brave Men: The U.S. Regular Infantry and the Civil War in the West". New York: Da Capo Press, 2003. ISBN 0306812460.
* Lee, Alfred E., "The History of the City of Columbus, Ohio". Volume II. New York and Chicago: W. W. Munsell & Company, 1892.Notes
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