Children and Youth Sports School

Children and Youth Sports School ( _ru. Детско-Юношеская Спортивная Школа, ДЮСШ) is a type of educational institution for children that originated in the Soviet Union. Children and Youth Sports Schools were the basis of the powerful system of physical culture and sports education of the USSR. The main features of this system remain in the system of sports education in Russia and other post-Soviet states, and also became the basis of similar systems in other countries, one of the most powerful ones at the present time being that of the People's Republic of China. [http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/11-9-2004-61432.asp Sam Wollaston on China's Sports Schools] ] Many legendary athletes, such as Nikolai Andrianov, Nellie Kim, Alexander Popov, Viktor Krovopuskov, Vladislav Tretiak, Valery Kharlamov, Anatoly Alyabyev and Sergey Bubka, started their path to Olympic success from Children and Youth Sports Schools.

Establishment and early years

The system of children and youth sports schools was founded in the 1930s. In 1934, Young Pioneers Stadium was built in Moscow, the first specialized sports extracurricular institution in the USSR. In the same year the first children's collective was established by Dynamo sports society; this was a prototype of sports schools by sports societies. [ [http://dynamo.org.ru/history/99.html Ого Вфсо "Динамо" - Всероссийское Физкультурно-Спортивное Общество "Динамо" ] ]

In 1935-1936, the first children and youth sports schools were opened in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities of the USSR; they were created and functioned on the basis of regulations, approved by the Central Soviet of Sports Societies and Organizations of the USSR. [ [http://www.educom.ru/ru/publications/press/system/review.php Хрнпхвеяйхи Нагнп Бнгмхймнбемхъ Х Пюгбхрхъ Яхярелш Бмеьйнкэмнцн Напюгнбюмхъ Б Лняйбе - Деоюпрюлемр Напюгнбюмхъ Ц. Лняйбш ] ] By the 1940s dozens of schools functioned in the USSR by Dynamo sports society, Spartak sports society, CDKA, sports societies of Trade Unions, OSOAVIAKHIM and in the system of education. After the Great Patriotic War, children and youth sports schools were frequently reorganized, transferred from the jurisdiction of sports societies to that of the system of education and vice versa.

Olympic Reserve schools

After the USSR joined the Olympic Movement in 1951, Specialized Children and Youth Sports Schools of the Olympic Reserve ( _ru. Специализированная Детско-Юношеская Спортивная Школа Олимпийского Резерва, СДЮСШОР) appeared, to prepare young athletes for the sports of highest achievements. The number of such sports schools grew, as did the number of sports disciplines within sports schools. They included not only Olympic sports, but also national sports disciplines as well as tourism, orienteering, and other sports.

tructure

Children and Youth Sports schools were compatible with the administrative division of the country: there were District, City, Oblast, Central, Republican sports schools. To enter Children and Youth Sports School, a child could have a recommendation from one's secondary school; children were also invited to come into a certain Children and Youth Sports School for the selection during lessons in an ordinary school, or they could come for the selection on their own initiative. In accordance with specifics of different sports disciplines, the age of children and youth admitted into a sports school was between 8 and 14. Groups were organized according to ranks of athletes: there were separate groups for Second-Class Junior Sportsmen, First-Class Junior Sportsmen, Second-Class Sportsmen, First-Class Sportsmen, Candidates for Master of Sports of the USSR, Masters of Sports of the USSR. Term of study in each group was one to two years, with different sports normatives applied in each year.

Popularity

By 1971 there were 3,813 Children and Youth Sports Schools in the USSR, with some 1.3 million children and youth training there. These included 2,434 schools with one million attendees under the jurisdiction of the system of education and 1,245 schools with 340,000 attendees functioning in the system of sports societies.Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed., [http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00022/84400.htm entry on Children and Youth Sports Schools] ] And by 1991, some 6,000 sports schools functioned in the USSR.

ports schools in post-Soviet states

After the break-up of the USSR, the system of children and youth sports in Russia passed through difficult times, but managed to retain the network of Children and Youth Sports Schools, and Physical Training Clubs (DYuKFP) were created in addition to them.

In 2005 some 4,951 Children and Youth Sports Schools and DYuKFPs functioned in the system of education and in the system of Rossport. To the former belonged 2,944 institutions of physical culture and sports education: 1,917 Children and Youth Sports Schools, 464 Specialized Children and Youth Sports Schools of the Olympic Reserve, 556 DYuKFPs and 7 centers for physical culture. Only Children and Youth Sports Schools of the system of education were attended by some 2 million children and youth, [http://www.ed.gov.ru/files/materials/1635/Sved_ob_uchregd.doc] and they had more than 13,000 departments in 122 sports disciplines. Rossport institutions were attended by some one million young athletes.

Children and Youth Sports Schools in other countries

Soviet experience of mass children and youth sports education was applied by Eastern European countries, in particular East Germany, where they were called "Kinder- und Jugendsportschule" and abbreviated as "KJS" [cite book | last = Naul | first = Roland | coauthors = Hardman, Ken| title = Sport and Physical Education in Germany | pages = p. 61 | year = 2002 | publisher = Routledge | url = http://books.google.com/books?q=suitable+entry+children+youth+KJS | id = ISBN 0419253904] ; for instance, Katarina Witt and Sven Fischer attended such schools. Similar sports schools were established in the People's Republic of China, North Korea and Cuba (called Schools for Sports Initiation there), [cite news | last = Rhoden | first = William C. | title = PAN AMERICAN GAMES; The Secret of Cuba's Sports Success? Spot the Children Who Are Athletes | publisher = New York Times | date = 1991-08-19 | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFD9133FF93AA2575BC0A967958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all | accessdate = 2008-03-21] allowing these countries to raise the level of sportsmen and achieve highest results at World Championships and Olympic Games.

At the present time some 3,000 sports schools exist in the People's Republic of China, including full-time ones, and this system is essentially based on the powerful system of Children and Youth Sports Schools of the USSR.

References