Notable cases of Attorney General Eliot Spitzer

In addition to prosecutions and civil actions in the financial sector, former New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer pursued cases in both state and federal courts involving pollution, entertainment, technology, occupational safety and health and other fields in which New York plays a part in setting and maintaining national standards of conduct.

Computer manufacturing

* Price fixing (2006): A long-running investigation of five computer chip manufacturers resulted in $730 million in fines and a guilty plea from Samsung Electronics Co., Elpida Memory Inc., Infineon Technologies AG and Hynix Semiconductor Inc. The fifth manufacturer, Micron Technology Inc., was granted immunity in exchange for cooperating with authorities in the case. This case is notable as one of the longest collusions between the largest number of companies to fix prices (1998 - 2002).

Securities

* Global Settlement (2002): Spitzer sued several investment banks for inflating stock prices, using affiliated brokerage firms to give biased investment advice and "spin" initial public offerings of stock by offering them to CEOs and other influential members of the business community. In 2002, a settlement of these lawsuits was negotiated by Spitzer, federal regulatory bodies, stock exchanges, and the investment banks and brokerage houses in question. The result was $1.4 billion in compensation and fines paid by the brokerages and investment banks, new rules and enforcement bodies created to govern stock analysts and IPOs, and the insulation of brokerage firms from pressures by investment banks. Ten firms paid fines to settle the case: Bear Stearns, Credit Suisse First Boston, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan Chase, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Salomon Smith Barney, UBS Warburg.

* Late Trading & Market Timing Investigations (2003): Investigations by the office of Eliot Spitzer beginning in 2003 uncovered mutual fund brokers allowing select clients privileges deprived to ordinary customers. Spitzer targeted two practices in particular: "late trading", which allows hedge fund investors to file trades at the previous day's price after the market close, something ordinary customers cannot do; and "market timing", an investment strategy involving frequent trading, which was allowed by some funds for privileged investors in contravention of the fund's rules. Late trading was clearly illegal and allowed a small number of investors profit at the expense of other fund shareholders. In essence, by placing winning trades the privileged investors diluted the profit pool available to all fund shareholders while they sidestepped their share of the pool's losses. Market timing is still permissible provided a fund discloses that it permits it, and can both harm and benefit funds; the problem prior to 2003 was that some investors and brokers were permitted to engage in timing while others were not, and that fact was not disclosed to other investors. Both late trading and market timing can increase fund expenses and administrative fees borne by other customers and caused fund managers to increase the cash they held to meet liquidity needs. Through a number of prosecutions and lawsuits, joined in many instances by the SEC, Spitzer secured more than one billion dollars in fines and remuneration for investors as well as forcing reforms to further enforce pre-existing bans on late trading.

* Richard Grasso (Chairman of the NYSE): Eliot Spitzer charged that Dick Grasso, when chairman of the New York Stock Exchange violated his position as chairman of a non-profit organization (the NYSE was at that time a mutually owned not-for-profit exchange) by receiving excessive compensation. Dick Grasso argued that his compensation was openly declared at board meetings and was fully legal and that the lawsuit was an attack on him solely intended to raise Spitzer's image in the press as he went into his gubernatorial campaign; he vowed to fight the action in the courts and, despite losing the initial stages, appears to be turning the tide in his direction on appeal leading to several significant reversals against the D.A.'s office. On July 27, 2007, as the Police Surveillance Controversy issue (cited below) continued to unfold, Newsweek reporter Charles Gasparino alleged that a member of Spitzer's staff, Darren Dopp, had threatened him following Gasparino's reporting of Spitzer's uneven handling of those involved in the Grasso excesses. In particular, Gasparino's reporting had noted that Spitzer had not pursued H. Carl McCall (a Spitzer political supporter) - who, as the compensation-committee chief, guided the board when it had allegedly grossly overpaid Grasso.Gasparino, Charles. [http://www.nypost.com/seven/07272007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/eliots_m_o___they_fight_dirty_opedcolumnists_charles_gasparino.htm "ELIOT'S M.O.: THEY FIGHT DIRTY"] , "New York Post", July 27, 2007. Retrieved on July 28, 2007.]

Insurance

* Contingent commissions (2004): In the commercial insurance business "contingent commissions" or "overriders" are fees paid based on the volume and profitability of insurance business generated by brokers. They provide incentive for agents and brokers to underwrite carefully as contingent commissions often serve as rewards for good loss ratios. Without contingency commissions, there is little incentive for agents or brokers to be selective in the risks that they submit to companies. However, some argue that contingent commissions may provide an incentive for insurance brokers to recommend more costly insurance to their clients, presenting a conflict of interest. While many large brokerages such as Marsh & McLennan Companies (against whom Spitzer filed his original suit), Aon and Willis announced plans to stop the practice of contingent commissions, many argued that the practice was not to blame for the rigged bids uncovered by Spitzer. Indeed, the practice accounted for about only five to seven percent of total revenues for brokers and did address a traditional misalignment of interests in insurance between the carrier and the producer. Under a traditional flat commission structure the latter has less incentive to submit risks with an eye for long-term loss potential in mind. So-called finite insurance products, which may more closely resemble a loan than insurance, were also investigated, even if there was "transference of risk" involved.Fact|date=March 2007

* American International Group (2005): On May 26, 2005, Spitzer filed a civil complaint against Maurice R. "Hank" Greenberg (Chairman and CEO) and Howard I. Smith (ex-CFO of AIG), alleging fraudulent business practice, securities fraud, common law fraud, and other violations of insurance and securities laws. Despite tough talk on a television news show, Spitzer declined to bring any criminal charges against Greenberg, and two of the civil charges were dropped in September 2006. [cite news
title=Two charges against AIG’s Greenberg dropped
url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14704060/
publisher="Associated Press"
date=September 6, 2006
accessdate=2006-11-04]

* On December 22, 2005, John C. Whitehead, chairman of the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, alleged that Spitzer had threatened him during a telephone call that took place in April 2005. In a letter to the "The Wall Street Journal", Whitehead alleged that Spitzer called him regarding a "Wall Street Journal" opinion piece that he wrote about Spitzer's public comments regarding Maurice R. Greenberg. According to the allegation, Spitzer threatened, "Mr. Whitehead, it's now a war between us and you've fired the first shot. I will be coming after you. You will pay the price. This is only the beginning and you will pay dearly for what you have done. You will wish you had never written that letter." [cite news
first=John C
last=Whitehead
title=Scary
url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110007713
publisher="The Wall Street Journal"
date=December 22, 2005
accessdate=2006-11-04] Spitzer has denied the allegation. [Gasparino, Charles. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10705632/site/newsweek/ "Spitzer Spat"] , "Newsweek", January 4, 2006. Retrieved on July 27, 2007.]

* The insurance investigation started by Spitzer spread to other states. Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan announced a parallel investigation of insurance brokerages headquartered in Chicago, which led to substantial out-of-court settlements from AJ Gallagher and Willis. Although the practices of these insurance brokerages did not violate criminal law, they violated the code of professional ethics required by the state to obtain licenses. One of the practices alleged by Madigan was "steering" insurance clients to purchase insurance policies that would produce higher commissions for the brokerage.Fact|date=March 2007

Entertainment

* Music Royalty Settlement (2004): Through an investigation of music industry practices, Spitzer's office uncovered $50 million in royalties owed to musicians whose record labels had failed to keep in contact with them. Under New York State's Abandoned Property Law, those royalties not being sent to their rightful owners would have to be surrendered to the state. Under a settlement, the labels were required to take measures to contact artists owed royalties. [cite news
first=Michael
last=McCarthy
title=50M in long-lost royalties should start rolling in
url=
publisher="USA Today"
date=May 5, 2004]

* Payola Settlement: The office of Eliot Spitzer served subpoenas against record labels in an investigation into "payola," the illegal compensation of radio stations for playing certain songs. These subpoenas were related to allegations of deals for disc jockeys to receive gifts from promoters in exchange for playing the songs a certain number of times during the day. On July 25, 2005, Spitzer announced a settlement with Sony BMG Music Entertainment. In November 2005, a similar settlement was announced with Warner Music Group. [cite news
first=Neda
last=Ulaby
title=Warner Agrees to Settlement in Payola Investigation
url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5024411
publisher="NPR"
date=November 23, 2005
accessdate=2006-11-04]

Abortion

* In 2002, Spitzer's office issued subpoenas to 24 non-profit crisis pregnancy centers that sought to dissuade women from having abortions. Pro-life groups criticized Spitzer, charging that he was harassing the centers on behalf of a political ally, NARAL Pro-Choice America. Spitzer's office contended that the centers used deceptive advertising and were practicing medicine without a license. [cite news
first=Alan
last=Cooperman
title=Abortion Battle: Prenatal Care or Pressure Tactics?
url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A42118-2002Feb20&notFound=true
publisher="The Washington Post"
date=February 21, 2002
accessdate=2006-11-04] However, the subpoenas were subsequently withdrawn. [cite web|url=http://www.nysun.com/article/40614?page_no=2|title=New York Sun Spitzer's Abortion Connections]

Police corruption

*Town of Walkill (2001): Spitzer sued the town of Walkill in federal court, accusing the police department of petty corruption, civil liberties violations, and harassment. [" [http://archive.recordonline.com/archive/2001/01/19/agcompla.htm PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK v. THE TOWN OF WALLKILL] ". United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. January 17, 2007. Retrieved from "Times Herald-Record" article entitled "Text of the attorney general's complaint" on February 29, 2008.] [Hegedus, Nathan. " [http://archive.recordonline.com/archive/2001/01/19/nhag.htm Wallkill cops face Spitzer's scrutiny] ". "Times Herald-Record". January 17, 2001.] [Herbert, Bob. " [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E3DF163FF936A15752C0A9679C8B63 In America; Police Predators] ". "New York Times". January 25, 2001.] [" [http://archive.recordonline.com/archive/2003/03/01/catbrfs1.htm False arrest claim set for trial] ". "Times Herald-Record". March 1, 2003.] The town entered into an agreement with the state, dismissed the police chief, agreed to the appointment of an overseer and accepted a lengthy code of conduct laid out by the state." [http://news.google.com/archivesearch/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=5-0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loislaw.com%2Fgpc%2Findex.htp%3Fdockey%3D14412528%40NYAPP&ei=57THR4eHGajG6gHclpipAQ&usg=AFQjCNGOBiPgE2mkwSKTvFEqWMa589iQkA&sig2=eP1_CPSX7 GHzJUDNmXK27Q COSCETTE, v. TOWN OF WALLKILL, ET AL. 281 AD2d 479 (2d Dept 2001) 721 NYS2d 784] " "New York Appellate Division Reports". October 18, 2001.] [Barry, Dan. " [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6DB173CF93AA25752C0A9679C8B63 Seeing Lawless Police Behavior, State Files Civil Rights Complaint Against Small Town] ". "New York Times". January 19, 2001.] The police chief, James Coscette, had been appointed by Town supervisor Howard Mills and unanimously confirmed by the Town Board. [" [http://archive.recordonline.com/archive/2001/01/19/timeline.htm Key dates in Wallkill police controversy] ". "Times Herald-Record". January 19, 2007.]

Others

*United States Microsoft antitrust case (April 3, 2001): [cite news
first=Jay
last=Greene
title=Inside Microsoft's War Against Google
url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_20/b4084036492860.htm
publisher="Business Week"
date=May 8, 2008
accessdate=2008-13-04] [cite web|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/05/0508_ballmer/image/microsoftantitrust.jpg|title=Image of the U.S. Microsoft Antitrust Case Conclusion]

References