Annona squamosa

taxobox

---

image_caption = Sugar-apple
regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Magnoliids
ordo = Magnoliales
familia = Annonaceae
genus = "Annona"
species = "A. squamosa"
binomial = "Annona squamosa"
binomial_authority = L.cite web
url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ANSQ
title = PLANTS Profile, "Annona squamosa" L.
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
authorlink = Natural Resources Conservation Service
format = HTML
work = The PLANTS Database
publisher = United States Department of Agriculture, ]
range_map_caption = Current range of uncultivated "A. squamosa".
range_map_caption = Current range of uncultivated "A. squamosa".
synonyms = "Annona asiatica" L.cite web
url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?3503
title = Taxon: "Annona squamosa" L.
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network
date = 1997-07-11
format = HTML
work = Taxonomy for Plants
publisher = USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland ] "Annona cinerea" Dunal "Guanabanus squamosus" (L.)M.Gómezcite web
url = http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/synonyms.asp?plantID=1995
title = synonyms of "Annona squamosa"
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Dr. Richard Wunderlin, Dr. Bruce Hansen
authorlink = University of Florida
format = HTML
work = Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
publisher = Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Florida] "Xylopia frutescens" "Xylopia glabra" L.cite web
url = http://www.tropicos.org/NameSynonyms.aspx?nameid=1600002
title = "Annona squamosa" L.
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Missouri Botanical Garden
authorlink = Missouri Botanical Garden
date = 1753
format = HTML
publisher = Tropicos] "Annona biflora" Moç & Sessé "Annona forskahlii" DC.cite web
url = http://www.worldagroforestry.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=214
title = Current name: "Annona squamosa"
accessdate = 2008-04-17
format = HTML
work = AgroForestryTree Database
publisher = International Center For Research In Agroforestry ] |

"Annona squamosa" a small well-branched tree or shrubcite web
url = http://www.aluka.org/action/showCompilationPage?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.COMPILATION.PLANT-NAME-SPECIES.ANNONA.SQUAMOSA
title = "Annona squamosa" L. [family ANNONACEAE]
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Aluka
authorlink = Aluka
format = HTML
work = African Plants
publisher = Ithaka Harbors, Inc] that bears edible fruits called sugar-apple, species of the genus "Annona" and member of the family Annonaceae more willing to grow at lower altitudes than its relatives "Annona reticulata" and "Annona cherimola" (whose fruits often share the same name) making it the most widely cultivated of these species.cite web
url = http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/sugar_apple.html
title = Sugar Apple "Annona squamosa"
accessdate = 2008-04-17
last = Morton
first = J.
authorlink = Purdue University
date = 1987
format = HTML
work = Fruits of warm climates
publisher = Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University ]

Common names

* _en. custard-apple, sugar-apple, sweetsop
* _fr. annone écailleuse, pomme-canelle, Cachiman cannelle, Pomme cannelle
* _de. Rahmapfel, Süßsack, Schuppenannone, Zuckerapfel
* _pt. Atá, fruta-do-conde, pinha, Ateira, Cabeça-de-negro, condessa, Coração-de-boi, Fruta da condessa, Fruta de condessa, Fruta do conde, Fruteira de conde, Pinha da Bahia, Pinheira
* _es. anón, anona blanca, chirimoyo, fruta del conde, Ahate, Anón candonga, Anona, Anona blanca, Anona de Castilla, Anona de Guatemala, Chirimoya, Chirimoya verrugosa, Mocuyo, Rinón
* _zh. 番荔枝
* _nl. Kaneelappel
* _ja. バンレイシ
* _th. น้อยหน่า
* _mi. katara‘āpa Māori, kātara‘apa Māori, naponapo, tapotapo, tapotapo Māori
* _ch. ates, atis
* _ty. tapo tapo, tapotapo
* _to. ‘apele papalangi
* _hi. सीताफल
* _ar. قشدة حرشفية
* _fa. آنونا اسکوآموزا
* _tl. Ates, Atis
* _mi. katara‘āpa Māori, kātara‘apa Māori, naponapo, tapotapo, tapotapo Māori
* _ch. ates, atis
* _ty. tapo tapo, tapotapo
* _to. ‘apele papalangicite web
url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=200008509
title = "Annona squamosa" Linn.
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = efloras.org
authorlink =
format = HTML
work = Chinese Plant Names ] cite web
url = http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Annona.html#squamosa
title = "Annona squamosa" L.
accessdate = 2008-04-17
last = Porcher
first = Michel H. et al.
authorlink = University of Melbourne
format = HTML
work = Sorting Annona Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database - A Work in Progress
publisher = Institute of Land & Food Resources, University of Melbourne ] cite web
url = http://www.hear.org/pier/species/annona_squamosa.htm
title = "Annona squamosa" (PIER Species info)
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
authorlink = Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project
date = 2008-01-05
format = HTML
work = PIER species lists
publisher = United States Geological Survey & United States Forest Service
format = HTML
quote = [http://www.hear.org/pier/references/pierref000002.htm Stone, Benjamin C. 1970. The flora of Guam. Micronesica 6:1-659.] ] cite web
url = http://www.fao.org/aims/ag_intro.htm?termid=455
title = AGROVOC Thesaurus
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
authorlink = Food and Agriculture Organization
date = 2007-11-21
format = HTML
work = AGROVOC
publisher = United Nations]

Description

"Annona squamosa" is a small, semi-(or late) deciduous,cite journal
last =Flora of North America
authorlink =Flora of North America
title = 2. Annona squamosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 537. 1753
journal =Flora of North America
volume =3
accessdate = ] much branched shrub or small tree convert|3|m|ft|lk=on to convert|8|m|ft tallvery similar to soursop ("Annona muricata")with a broad, open crown or irregularly spreading branchesand a short trunk short, not buttressed at base.The fruit of "A. squamosa" has delicious whitish pulp, and is popular in tropical markets.

;Stems and leaves: Branches with light brown bark and visible leaf scars; inner bark light yellow and slightly bitter; twigs become brown with light brown dots (lenticels - small, oval, rounded spots upon the stem or branch of a plant, from which the underlying tissues may protrude or roots may issue).:Thin leaves occur singly, convert|5|cm|in|lk=on to convert|17|cm|in long and convert|2|cm|in to convert|6|cm|in wide; rounded at the base and pointed at the tip. Pale green on both surfaces and mostly hairless with slight hairs on the underside when young. The sides sometimes are slightly unequal and the leaf edges are without teeth, inconspicuously hairy when young.

:Leaf stalks are convert|0.4|cm|in to convert|2.2|cm|in long, green, sparsely pubescent

;Flowers: Solitary or in short lateral clusters about convert|2.5|cm|in long, 2-4, greenish-yellow flowers on a hairy, slender convert|2|cm|in long stalk. Green outer petals, purplish at the base, oblong, convert|1.6|cm|in to convert|2.5|cm|in long, and convert|0.6|cm|in to convert|0.75|cm|in wide, inner petals reduced to minute scales or absent. Very numerous stamens; crowded, white, less than convert|1.6|cm|in long; ovary light green. Styles white, crowded on the raised axis. Each pistil forms a separate tubercle (small rounded wartlike protuberance), mostly convert|1.3|cm|in to convert|1.9|cm|in long and convert|0.6|cm|in to convert|1.3|cm|in wide which matures into the aggregate fruit.

:Flowering occurs in spring-early summer and flowers are pollinated by nitidulid beetles [McGregor, S.E. [http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/book/ Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants] USDA, 1976] .;Fruits and reproduction: Aggregate and soft fruits form from the numerous and loosely united pistils of a flower which become enlarged and mature into fruits which are distinct from fruits of other species of genus (and more like a giant raspberry instead).

:The round or heart-shaped greenish yellow, ripened aggregate fruit is pendulous on a thickened stalk; convert|5|cm|in to convert|10|cm|in in diameter with many round protuberances and covered with a powdery bloom. Fruits are formed of loosely cohering or almost free carpels (the ripened pistels).

:The pulp is white tinged yellow, edible and sweetly aromatic. Each carpel containing an oblong, shiny and smooth, dark brown to black, convert|1.3|cm|in to convert|1.6|cm|in long seed.

Distribution

"Annona squamosa" is willing to grow at altitudes of convert|0|m|ft|lk=on to convert|2000|m|ft|lk=on and does well in hot dry climates; much lower at much lower altitudes than many of the other fruit bearers in its family.

;Native:Neotropic::Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands.::Central America: El Salvador::Northern South America: French Guyana, Guyana, Venezuela::Western South America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru::Southern South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay

;Current (naturalized and native):Neotropic::Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Florida, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands.::Pacific: Samoa, Tonga::Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama::Northern South America: French Guyana, Guyana, Venezuela::Western South America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru::Southern South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay:Afrotropic: Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zanzibar:Australasia: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands:Indomalaya: Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam:Palearctic: Cyprus, Greece, Malta

Uses

For uses of fruit from the Custard-apple family see:
*Cherimoya
*Custard-apple
*Sugar-apple
*Annonin

References

External links

*ITIS|ID=18100|taxon="Annona squamosa" L.|year=2008|date=17 March
*cite web
url = http://bio.fiu.edu/trees/sp_pages/Annona_squamosa.html
title = Photographs of trees "Annona squamosa"
accessdate = 2008-04-17
author = David Lee
authorlink = Florida International University
format = HTML
work = The Miami Tree Puzzle
publisher = Florida International University