Björkö, Ekerö

Björkö (Swedish for "Birch Island") is an island in Lake Mälaren in eastern-central Sweden. It is mostly famous for housing the excavation site Birka populated c. 750-975 CE, together with Hovgården on Adelsö declared a World Heritage Site in 1993. Located just south of Adelsö and west of Ekerö and Munsö islands, it is one of the islands in Ekerö Municipality,

History

The oldest of the ancient remains on the island is a small burial ground on the elevated section on the southern part of the island. It encompasses nine stone structures, of which two are burnt mounds and one is a cairn known as "Ingas grav" ("Grave of Inga"). Their character and elevated location indicate they belonged to a temporary Bronze Age settlement (1800-500 BCE), by people who visited the island for seasonal huting and fishing.Bratt]

The first permanent settlement dates back to the late Germanic Iron Age (400-800 CE). A small burial ground containing some 15 graves on the north-eastern part of the island known as "Ormknös" is possibly the remains of a small settlement pre-dating Birka with less than a century. It is possible the burial ground belonged to the village on the island, "Björkö by", together with two other burial grounds: "Grindbacken", north of the village with 25 graves, and "Kärrbacka", south of the village with 45 graves. The latter of these sites contains coffins and thus indicates the village coexisted with Birka, survived it, and continues to exist. There was nine farmyards in the village until around 1900 when four of them had to move, and today three remain. Most of the existing buildings are from the early 20th century, with a few individual buildings a century or so older.

Birka

Birka emanated around 800 on the shores of the strait separating Björkö and Adelsö, today a pasture-ground known as "Bystan" covering some 12 ha. The area is still delimited by the ancient defensive earthwork, which once must have stretched further south to the hill fort at "Borgberget". In the waters outside Birka are remains of poles believed to have served as a naval defence line. Around the earthwork three large burial grounds belonging to Birka have been found. The north-easternmost and largest is "Hemlanden" with some 1.600 graves; south of Birka are two smaller burial grounds: "Borgs hage" with 250 graves and "Kvarnbacka" with 185 graves. Approximately 1.100 of the 2.000 Birka graves have been excavated.

In 1834, a thousand years after Ansgar visited the island, the so called "Ansgar Cross" was erected at "Borgberget", and a hundred years later the "Ansgar Chapel" was built just east of the village. The reduced chapel is built in sandstone and has a choir, a nave, and a tower. During services, three large gates are opened to allow for an open-air sermon. The chapel is richly adorned with paintings and sculptures by several well-known Swedish artists.

Today large parts of the northern island have been bought by the Swedish State inorder to protect the remains. The area is administered by the Swedish National Heritage Board ("Riksantikvarieämbetet") who is attempting to restore the landscape.

See also

* Mälaren Valley
* Pre-history and origin of Stockholm

Notes

References

* cite book
title = Mälaröarna - kulturhistoriska miljöer
first = Peter | last = Bratt | pages = 96-100
publisher = Stiftelsen Stockholms Läns Museum
year = 1988 | language = Swedish | isbn = 91-870006-06-5
** cite web
url = http://www.lansmuseum.a.se/databas/sid3.cfm?in_idnr=0125030004&in_plats=bj%F6rk%F6
title = Björkö - Birka | publisher = Stockholm County Museum
accessdate = 2008-03-07 | language = Swedish (Same text published on-line.)