Kinjikitile Ngwale

Kinjikitile Ngwale

Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale (died August 4, 1905) was a Tanzanian medium and a leader of the 1905–1907 Maji Maji Rebellion against colonial rule in the German East Africa.

Biography

Born in Tanzania (then Tanganyika), Kinjikitile earned his place in folklore during the Maji Maji Rebellion by the indigenous people of Tanganyika against German colonialists. In 1904, the then relatively unknown Kinjikitile disappeared from his home in Ngarambe, Matumbi. He returned after a few days and said that he had been possessed by a spirit medium called Hongo, believed to take the form of a snake.cite book
last = Hoehler-Fatton
first = Cynthia
title = Women of Fire and Spirit
publisher = Oxford University Press US
date = 1996
pages = 73
url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UMqvQxXhL48C
isbn =0195097904 ] cite book
last = Jestice
first = Phyllis G.
title = Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia
publisher = ABC-CLIO
date = 2004
pages = 480
url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H5cQH17-HnMC
isbn =1576073556 ] Citation
title = The Story of Africa - Religious Resistance
newspaper = BBC World Service
url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/11chapter7.shtml
accessdate=2008-03-24 ] He said that through this spirit, he had communicated with the deity Bokera. He told his followers that the ancestors had commanded Kinjikitile to lead a rebellion against European colonialists. This helped start the Maji Maji Rebellion. Kinjikitile gave his people holy water ("maji") which was intended to protect them from German bullets. He encouraged his followers to overlook tribal differences and unite against the Germans.cite book
last = Mwakikagile
first = Godfrey
authorlink = Godfrey Mwakikagile
title = Africa and the West
publisher = Nova Publishers
date = 2000
pages = 70
url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iKVCGuSzNhkC
isbn = 156072840X] After a group of Matumbi attacked the home of a local official in July 1905, Kinjikitile was arrested by German troops.cite book
last = Roupp
first = Heidi
title = Teaching World History: A Resource Book
publisher = M.E. Sharpe
pages = 229
url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9hOEhKbqwwgC
isbn =1563244209 ]

Kinjikitile was hanged on August 4, 1905 for treason. His brother continued in his place and the rebellion continued until 1907 resulting in over 100,000 dead. [cite book
last = Boahen
first = A. Adu
title = Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880-1935
publisher = James Currey Publishers
date = 1990
pages = 80
url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YKy_YzYeIjoC
isbn =0852550979 ] Despite being unsuccessful, the rebellion is considered by Tanzanians as the first stirrings of nationalism and Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale is considered a hero in Tanzania.

References

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