Bernthsen acridine synthesis
- Bernthsen acridine synthesis
The Bernthsen acridine synthesis is the chemical reaction of a diarylamine heated with a carboxylic acid (or acid anhydride) and zinc chloride to form a 9-substituted acridine. [Bernthsen, A.; "Ann." 1878, "192", 1.] [Bernthsen, A.; "Ann." 1884, "224", 1.]
Using zinc chloride, one must heat the reaction to 200-270 °C for 24hrs. [Popp, F. D. "J. Org. Chem." 1962, "27", 2658. (DOI|10.1021/jo01054a518)] The use of polyphosphoric acid will give acridine products at a lower temperature, but also with decreased yields.
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