Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies

The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) was a research centre at the University of Birmingham, England. It was founded in 1964 by Richard Hoggart, its first director. Its object of study was the then new field of cultural studies.

History

The Centre was the focus for what became known as the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies, or, more generally, "British cultural studies". Birmingham School theorists such as Stuart Hall emphasized the reciprocity in how cultural texts, even mass-produced products are used, questioning the valorized division between "producers" and "consumers" that was evident in cultural theory such as that of Theodor Adorno and the Frankfurt School.

Methodology

Some areas studied by the Birmingham Centre and those associated with it include subculture, popular culture, and media studies. The Centre, and the theorists associated with it, tend to take an interdisciplinary approach to the study of culture, incorporating diverse elements such as Marxism, post-structuralism, feminism, and critical race theory, as well as more traditional methodologies such as sociology and ethnography. The Birmingham Centre studied representations of various groups in the mass media and evaluated the effects and interpretations of these representations on their audience.

Noted staff members

The Centre is notable for producing many key studies and researchers. Stuart Hall, who became the centre's director in 1968, developed his seminal "Encoding/Decoding" model here. Of special importance is the collective research that led to Policing the Crisis (1978), a study of law and order campaigns that focused on "mugging" (a code for Black street violence). This anticipated many of the law and order themes of Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government in the 1980s.

Richard Johnson was later director and encouraged research in social and cultural history.

Empirical researchers included David Morley and Charlotte Brunsden, who produced "The Nationwide Project" at the Centre. Dorothy Hobson's research about the reception of "Crossroads" was based on her MA dissertation.

In later years, Sadie Plant, noted cybertheorist and feminist (author of "Zeroes + Ones: Digital Women and the New Technoculture"), taught there, as did Jorge Larrain, the well-known Chilean sociologist and cultural historian, author of "Identity and Modernity in Latin America". Frank Webster, a Sociologist with interests in Information Society issues and sympathy for the 'cultural turn', joined the newly formed Centre for Cultural Studies and Sociology in 1999, but left for City University London when the Centre was closed in 2002.

Closure in 2002

The Department was dramatically closed in 2002, a move the university's senior management described as 'restructuring'. Four of its fourteen members of staff were to be “retained” and its hundreds of students (nearly 250 undergraduates and postgraduates at that time, many from abroad) to be transferred to other departments. In the ensuing dispute most department staff left. There were protests against the decision to close Cultural Studies and Sociology from round the world and the University received much adverse criticism.

It all started in April 2002, when, according to student testimonies, rumors began to circulate that the Department was going to be closed down because it had received a “very bad” 3a mark in a recent Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). Despite assurances as to the contrary, on June 21, 2002, right after the end of term, staff members received emails informing them of a decision that had already been taken to close down the Department. The decision was to be ratified on June 26.

Students and staff began a campaign to save the school, which gained considerable attention in the national press (see links below) and sparked numerous letters of support from former alumni all over the world. The main argument of the campaigners was that the Department was being closed down because of economic pressures relating to the public funding of British universities in accordance with RAE marks. Ironically, the Department of Cultural Studies was a top money-making unit inside the School of Social Sciences.

Additionally, concerns were expressed that the Department was being “belatedly punished” for its political radicalism, as one journalist put it. Indeed, the unreservedly leftwing Department’s long history of conflict with the University’s administration was well known to all who had studied at the University of Birmingham between the 1960s and the 1980s.

Of the four staff members who were “retained”, one was attached to the Department of Social Policy, one to the Department of English, and one to the Institute of European Studies. The remaining ten staff members were invited to retire voluntarily in return for a severance package (one year’s pay).

Professor David Marsh, a political sociologist from the Department of Political Science and International Studies (POLSIS), was drafted in as temporary head of a new Department of Sociology, with Cultural Studies dropped from the title. Further posts were created in Sociology during 2003.

The Department had been top of the Guardian league table for Sociology before its closure and it continues to excel in this poll. The Department was recently ranked fourth in Guardian league tables for Sociology.

External links

* [http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwpress/jrls/cjc/BackIssues/18.1/schulman.html "Conditions of their Own Making: An Intellectual History of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham" by Norma Schulman]
* [http://www.sociology.bham.ac.uk/cccs_publications.htm CCCS Publications - Stencilled Papers by CCCS]
* [http://www.sociology.bham.ac.uk/ Department of Sociology, University of Birmingham]

On the Department's closure

* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/culturalstudies/index.htm "Save Cultural Studies at Birmingham" campaign]
* [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/socialsciences/story/0,,745058,00.html "Birmingham's cultural studies department given the chop"] , article in The Guardian newspaper, 27 June 2002
* [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story/0,9830,757440,00.html "Cultural elite express opposition to Birmingham closure"] , article in The Guardian newspaper, 18 July 2002
* [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/columnist/story/0,,756928,00.html "The wrong result"] , article in The Guardian newspaper, 18 July 2002
* [http://www.journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/(34de0p55hb2bqd55cfoiac55)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,3,7;journal,10,71;linkingpublicationresults,1:101480,1 "Cultural Studies and Sociology at, and after, the closure of the Birmingham School"] , Cultural Studies, 18 (6) 2004: 847-62. By Frank Webster (Head of Department in 2002)
* [http://desantara.org Indonesian Cultural Studies Center]