Yamanouchi, Kamakura

nihongo|Yamanouchi| 山ノ内 or 山之内 is a neighborhood of Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Because of the presence of East Japan Railway Company's (JR) Kita-Kamakura Station, it is better known as Kita-Kamakura. It lies within the Ofuna administrative subdivision of the city of Kamakura. Yamanouchi used to be the norther border of the city during the shogunateŌnuki (2008:50)] . The border post used to lie about a hundred meters past today's train station in Ofuna's direction. The name of the area during the Kamakura shogunate used to be nihongo|Sakado-gō|尺度郷 [Yume Kōbō (2008:4)] .

The land where the station itself stands used to be part of Engaku-ji, but it was expropriated during the Meiji period to let the Yokosuka Line pass through. The area nonetheless hasn't changed much, and is still visually an integral part of the temple. Within it, under the road next to the bridge on the Meigetsu river, was buried a famous and magical stele, the nihongo|"Seimeiseki"|晴明石. According to the legend, it was buried there in Heian times by Abe no Seimei as an offering. It was dug up accidentally by US military bulldozers after World War II and now it's in nearby Yakumo Jinja.

Although very small, Yamanouchi is famous for its traditional atmosphere and the presence, among others, of three of the five highest-ranking Rinzai Zen temples in Kamakura, the Kamakura Five Zen Temples, or Kamakura Gozan (鎌倉 五山). These three great temples were built here because Yamanouchi was the home territory of the Hōjō clan, the family which ruled Japan for 150 years.

* Kenchō-ji. This huge temple is, together with Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū, the symbol of the city of KamakuraKamakura Shōkō Kaigijo (2008:170-188)] . It's number one of the Five Zen Temples, the oldest in Kamakura (built 1253) and one of the oldest in all Japan. The temple bell has been designated a National Treasure and there's a nice Zen garden as well.
* Engaku-ji. Number two of Kamakura's Five Zen Temples, founded in 1282 to commemorate soldiers who fell fighting off the Mongol invasion the previous year. The Shariden building on the grounds is reputed to contain one of the teeth of the Buddha. The movie director Ozu Yasujiro is buried here. Detailed instructions to find his grave can be found here [http://www.easterwood.org/ozu/gravesite/directions.htm] .
* Jōchi-ji (浄智寺) is ranked four of the five. Technically a branch of the Engaku-ji, it's on the opposite side of the railroad tracks and just a few hundred meters away.

Also of note:
* The Tōkei-ji is a nunnery famous in the feudal days for sheltering abused women, who could obtain a divorce by staying here for three years. There used to be in Kamakura a Gozan system of nunneries, of which this temple is the only survivorHarada (2007, 41)] . Has a large and atmospheric graveyard. Also called "Kakekomidera" (the fugitive temple), and famous for its hydrangeas.
* The Meigetsu-in (明月院), nicknamed "Temple of Hydrangeas" ("ajisai-dera").

The artist Isamu Noguchi lived and worked here in 1952. Film director Yasujiro Ozu lived near Jōchi-ji from 1952 until his death.

Notes

References

* cite book
last = Harada
first = Hiroshi
coauthors =
title = Kamakura no Koji
publisher = JTB Publishing
date = 2007
location =
language = Japanese
id = ISBN 453307104X
* cite book
last=Ōnuki
first=Akihiko
title=Kamakura. Rekishi to Fushigi wo Aruku
publisher=Jitsugyō no Nihonsha
location=Tokyo
date=2008
isbn=978-4-408-59306-7
language=Japanese
* cite book
last=Kita-Kamakura Yūsui Network
title=Gaidobukku ni Noranai Kita/Kamakura
publisher=Yume Kōbō
date=2008
isbn=978-4-86158-026-0 
language=Japanese
* [http://www.kcn-net.org/e_kama_history/history/history3.htm A Brief History of Kamakura]
* [http://wikitravel.org/en/Kamakura Kamakura] from Wikitravel

External links

* [http://www.kitakama.gr.jp/ Welcome To Kita-Kamakura] Site of the Kita-Kamakura Commerce and Tourism Association (北鎌倉の商観光を考える会) (In Japanese)
* [http://www.easterwood.org/ozu/gravesite/directions.htm Directions to Yasujiro Ozu's Grave]