- Buffer stop
A buffer stop or bumper (US) is a device to prevent railway vehicles from going past the end of a section of track.
The design of the buffer stop is dependent in part upon the kind of couplings that the railway uses, since the coupling gear is the first part of the vehicle that the buffer stop touches. The term buffer stop is itself of British origin, railways in
Great Britain principally using buffer-and-screw couplings between vehicles.Energy-absorbing buffer stops
The large
mass of a train, even at low speed, transfers a large amount of energy in a collision with a buffer stop. Ordinary buffer stops cannot cope. What is needed is some way of dissipating this energy, as through hydraulics or friction. Following a buffer stop accident atFrankfurt-am-Main in 1902, theRawie company developed a large range of energy-absorbing buffer stops. Similar hydraulic buffer stops were developed byRansomes & Rapier in the UK.Alternatives
Lower cost alternatives to a buffer stop include
railroad tie s fixed to the rails, or a pile of dirt.Warning lights
Buffer stops often have a fixed red light associated with them.
Accidents
*
October 22 ,1895 –Gare Montparnasse ,Paris ,France : express train overruns buffer stop and falls into street below
* 1902 –Frankfurt am Main ,Germany : Serious buffer stop collision inspires development of Rawie range of energy-absorbing buffer stops.
*27 July ,1903 ; Glasgow St Enoch, 16 killed 27 injured
* 1948 - diesel train through buffer stops atLos Angeles
* 1970s -BART train went through buffer stops due to fault in ATO.
*28 February 1975 -Moorgate Underground rail crash , 43 killed, 74 injured - buffer stop collision made far worse by dead end tunnel beyond
*November 8 1986 –Hua Lamphong ,Bangkok ,Thailand : 5 killed, 7 injured - buffer stop collision made by an unmanned train at a speed of 50 km/h.
*8 January 1991 -Cannon Street station rail crash , London; 2 killed, 200+ injured - commuter train hits buffer stops
*11 July ,1995 - Largs - electric train went through buffer stops.
*26 October 2006 -Kuala Lumpur buffer stop accident - a Star LRT train went through the buffer stops and dangled over the street.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
