Eusebius of Rome

Infobox Saint
name=Eusebius
birth_date=4th century
death_date=357
feast_day=August 14
venerated_in=Roman Catholic Church


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death_place=Rome
titles=Confessor
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major_shrine="Sant'Eusebio" church, Rome
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Saint Eusebius (died c. 357), the founder of the church on the Esquiline Hill in Rome that bears his name, is listed in the Roman Martyrology as one of the saints venerated on 14 August.

The "Martyrology of Usuard" styles him confessor at Rome under the Arian emperor Constantius and adds that he was buried in the cemetery of Callistus. Some later martyrologies call him a martyr. He is said to have been a Roman patrician and priest, and is mentioned with distinction in Latin martyrologies.

The "Acta Eusebii", discovered in 1479 by Mombritius and reproduced by Baluze in his "Miscellanea" (1678-1715), tell the following story: When Pope Liberius was permitted by Emperor Constantius II to return to Rome, supposedly at the price of his orthodoxy, by subscribing to the Arian formula of Sirmium, Eusebius, a priest, an ardent defender of the Nicene Creed, publicly preached against both pope and emperor, branding them as heretics. When the orthodox party who supported the antipope Felix were excluded from all the churches, Eusebius continued to hold Divine service in his own house. He was arrested and brought before Pope Liberius and Emperor Constantius, and boldly reproved Liberius for deserting the Catholic Faith. In consequence he was placed in a dungeon, four feet wide (or was imprisoned in his own house), where he spent his time in prayer and died after seven months. His body was buried in the cemetery of Callistus with the simple inscription: "Eusebio homini Dei". This act of kindness was performed by two priests, Gregory and Orosius, friends of Eusebius. Gregory was put into the same prison and also died there. He was buried by Orosius, who professes to be the writer of the Acts.

It is generally admitted that these Acts were a forgery either entirely or at least in part, and written in the same spirit if not by the same hand, as the notice on Liberius in the "Liber Pontificalis". The Bollandists and Tillemont point out some historical difficulties in the narrative, especially the fact that Liberius, Constantius and Eusebius were never in Rome at the same time. Constantius visited Rome but once, and remained there for about a month, and Liberius was then still in exile. Some, taking for granted the alleged fall of Liberius, would overcome this difficulty by stating that, at the request of Liberius, who resented the zeal of the priest, the secular power interfered and imprisoned Eusebius. It is not at all certain whether Eusebius died after the return of Liberius, during his exile, or even much before that period.

Sant'Eusebio, the basilica-style church on the Esquiline in Rome dedicated to him, is said to have been built on the site of his house. It is mentioned in the acts of a council held in Rome under Pope Symmachus in 498 (Mansi, VIII, 236-237), and was rebuilt by Pope Zacharias. Formerly it had a "statio" on the Friday after the fourth Sunday in Lent. It once belonged to the Celestines (an order now extinct); Pope Leo XII gave it to the Jesuits. A good picture representing the triumph of Saint Eusebius, by Raphael Menge, 1759 is on the ceiling. Sant'Eusebio is the title of the cardinal-priest (see List of titular churches in Rome).

The Tridentine Calendar had a commemoration of Saint Eusebius, after that of the commemoration of the Vigil of the feast of the Assumption of Blessed Mary, on 14 August, on which the liturgy was that of the feast of Saint Laurence, within whose Octave it fell. The 1920 typical edition of the Roman Missal omitted the celebration on that date of the day within the Octave of Saint Laurence, making the commemoration of Saint Eusebius the only commemoration in the Mass of the Vigil. In the 1969 revision of the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, obligatory celebration of Saint Eusebius on 14 August was limited to the Roman church that bears his name, ["Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 134] but as one of those who are registered in the Roman Martyrology as a saint recognized by the Church Eusebius is proposed for veneration by all Catholics, not only by those who follow pre-1969 calendars.

References

External links

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: "St. Eusebius"]