Working backward from the goal
- Working backward from the goal
Working backward from the goal is an application of the backward chaining strategy in artificial intelligence. When problem solving, "working backward" is one way to reach the goal of solving a problem.
Use by primates
Kanzi, a bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee, "Pan paniscus") dramatically illustrated his use of this strategy when he was being taught how to create stone tools by a human expert. Unable to replicate the manipulations of the human expert, Kanzi eventually resorted to smashing stones upon others, and simply selected shards with sharp edges, in order to produce his stone tools.fn|1
Applications to theorem-proving
Some mathematical proofs can be reliably constructed by working backward. At times, a transformation is required, in order to fix up a solution so that it matches the desired goal.
Applications to artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) programs for medical diagnosis or fault-finding in electrical equipment can use backward-chaining.it is not true in all cases
See also
* Abductive reasoning
* George Polya, "How to Solve It": this book lists "working backward" in the section on problem solving strategies.
* Thinking
* Top-down
Notes
*fnb|1 [http://www.iowagreatapes.org/bonobo/meet/kanzi.php How Kanzi worked backward from the goal of flint-knapping tools]
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