Temascalcingo

Infobox Settlement
official_name =
name = Temascalcingo ( de José Maria Velasco)
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settlement_type = Town & Municipality
total_type =Municipality
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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = MEX
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = State of Mexico
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leader_title = Municipal President
leader_name = Sebastian Gerardo Lezama Plata (2006-2009)
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established_title = Founded
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established_title2 = Municipal Status
established_date2 = 1826
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population_as_of = 2005
population_footnotes = Municipality
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population_total = 58,169
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population_blank1_title = Seat
population_blank1 = 11,454
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timezone = CST
utc_offset = -6
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latd =19 | latm =54 | lats =53 | latNS = N
longd =100 | longm=00 | longs=13 | longEW =W
elevation_footnotes = of seat
elevation_m = 2260
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postal_code_type = Postal code (of seat)
postal_code = 50400
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blank1_name = Demonym
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website = es icon http:// www.temascalcingo.gob.mx/
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Temascalcingo de José Maria Velasco is a town and seat of the municipality of Temascalcingo in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It is located in the northeast of the state. The temazcal was very common in Temascalcingo. The name Temascalcingo has its roots in Nahuatl. It means place of the little temazcal. cite web |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15085a.htm |title= Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Temascalcingo |accessdate= 2008-03-14 ]

The town

The earliest settlements in the area go back over 10,000 years and are situated near what is today the Lerma River. The earliest known founders of the town were the Mazahuas, according to the work called "Doctrina y enseñanza en la lengua mazahua" (Doctrine and teachings in the Mazahua tongue) by Nájera Yanguas. It was originally called "Ñiñi Mbate" which means 'place of the small plain' or possibly 'place of the first man'. This area was subdued by the Aztecs before the 16th century and its last Aztec governor was named Ocoyotzen. When the Spanish invaded, the Mazahuas and the Otomis of this area united with the Aztecs to fight them. However, after the Spanish victory, Hernán Cortés distributed this area, along with Metepec to Francisco de Villegas in 1540. In 1535, the Franciscans evangelized the area, establishing churches and renaming the area, San Miguel Temascalcingo. Through the 18th century, haciendas here grew to supply grain to mining areas like Tlalpujahua and El Oro. Because of a history of mistreatment by colonial authorities, the residents here sided early with Hidalgo when the Mexican War of Independence broke out in 1810. Shortly after the end of the war, the State of Mexico was created in 1824 and the municipality of Temascalcingo in 1825, with San Miguel Temascalcingo as the seat. As the birthplace of the painter José Maria Velasco, the town changed its name to Temascalcingo de José Maria Velasco July 14, 1945 by decree. However, it is still commonly referred to simply as "Temascalcingo".

The town today has an altitude of 2,380 meters and in 2005 had a population of 11,454 people.cite web |url=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/default.asp?s=est&c=10395 |title=Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER) |accessdate=2008-03-08 ]

This area was the scene of a destructive earthquake in 1912. In 1988, a group of residents from Tepeolulco, a community under Temascalcingo's jurisdiction, took over the municipal hall to protest water supplies and civil rights violations.

Some notable people from this town include: José Maria Velasco, (1840-1912) who was a painter of landscapes, Archbishop Leopoldo Ruiz y Flores, (1865-1941) suffered the exile three times during the Cristeros movement in Mexico, María del Carmen Garduño Cervantes,(1955- ) a track-and-field athlete who has won medals in the PanAmerican Games and set Mexican records, and Pinito Reynoso Bejarano (1895-1981) and educator best known for his work against illiteracy.

Two notable sites in and near the town are the Tzindo, which is an archeological zone where there ar some cave drawings. From Colonial period there is the Hacienda de Solis. The town also has a Casa de Cultura (House of Culture).

The most important yearly event here is the passion play held every year since 1975, whose script was written by Amalio Quintana. cite web |url=http://www.temascalli.com/ |title= LA REPRESENTACION DE LA PASION DE CRISTO EN SEMANA SANTA |accessdate= 2008-03-14 ]

The municipality

As municipal seat, the town of Temascalcingo de José Maria Velasco has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Ahuacatitlan Centro, Boshesda, Calderas, Cerritos de Cárdenas, Barrio de Corona, Guadalupe Ixtapa, La Huerta, Juanacatlán, La Magdalena, Mesa de Bañi, Mesa de Santiago (La Mesa), Pastores Primer Barrio, Puruahua, Pueblo Nuevo Solís (La Estancia), San Antonio Solís, San Francisco Solís, San Francisco Tepeolulco, San José Ixtapa, San José Solís, San Juanico el Alto (San Juanico), San Mateo el Viejo, San Miguel Solís, San Nicolás Solís, San Pedro el Alto, San Pedro Potla Centro (San Pedro Potla), Santa Ana Yenshu Centro, Santa Lucía (Ejido de San Mateo el Viejo), Santa María Canchesda, Santa María Solís, Santa Rosa Solís, Santiago Coachochitlán, San Vicente Solís, Ex-hacienda de Solís, El Tejocote (La Loma), Santa Ana Yenshu Ejido, San Pedro Potla Segundo Barrio, San Pedro Potla Primer Barrio Ejido, San José los Reyes, El Rodeo, Cuadrilla, Ahuacatitlán (La Providencia), Barrio de Shelle, Estación Solís (Estación Alberto Garduño), El Garay, La Mesa del Venado, Pozo de las Palomas, San Juanico Centro, San Pedro Potla Tercer Barrio, Santa Ana Yenshu la Mesa, Los Pinos, La Estanzuela, Ixtapa, Mesa de Bombaro, Mesa de los Garnica, Mogote de la Campana, Barrio las Peñas, Barrio Santa María los Chamacueros, San Fco. Tepeolulco, Tercer Barrio la Mesa, La Magdalena Bosha, La Magdalena Cruz Blanca, Santiago Coachochitlán Barrio del Rincón, Los Pastores (Pastores Segundo Barrio), San Pedro de la Loma, and La Loma de San Mateo.

Temascalcingo is bordered by the municipalities of Acambay, Atlacomulco, Jocotitlán and El Oro, and to the west by the states of Michoacán and Querétaro. The population of the entire municipality in 2005 was 58,169 people.

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