- Sebastien Michaelis
Sebastien Michaelis was a French
inquisitor and prior of theDominican order who lived during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. His "Histoire admirable de la possession d'une penitente" (1612), includes aclassification of demons which has passed into general use in esoteric literature.Early career
Michaelis was vice-inquisitor in
Avignon during the 1580s and was involved in a number ofwitch trials: a series of cases in 1581 and 1582 led to at least fourteen women being convicted and burnt. In 1587 he published a tract on demons called "Pneumalogie: Discours des esprits". By 1610 he was prior of the Dominican community at Saint-Maxim nearAix-en-Provence .Aix-en-Provence Possessions
"See also"
Aix-en-Provence possessions In 1610 Michaelis became involved in a case of demonic possession at the Ursuline convent at Aix-en-Provence. This began when one of the nuns, a young girl of noble birth from Marseilles named Madeleine Demandols de la Palud, was diagnosed as possessed by a local Jesuit, Jean-Baptiste Romillon. Madeleine made accusations against her confessor, Father Louis Gaufridy, who was priest of the parish of the Acoules in Marseilles. She claimed that Gaufridy had sexually enchanted her (the devil having made his breath aphrodisiac), and inducted her into witchcraft, causing her body to be invaded by demons which would only leave when the priest was converted, dead or punished. She claimed her principal demonic occupant to be
Beelzebub . Unable to exorcise her, Romillon referred the case to the papal territory of Avignon, and the jurisdiction of Michaelis. Another Dominican, Francois Doncieux (also known by the Latinised name Domptius) served as fellow chief investigator alongside Michaelis.Other nuns soon confessed to similar possessions, the demons in many cases prompting them to sermonize at length. One nun, Louise Capeau, claimed to speak with the voice of a demon named
Verin (or Verrine), and on 27 December 1610 announced the coming of the Apocalypse.Beelzebub , speaking through Madeleine Demandols, maintained there to be a total of 6,660 devils involved in the possession.Gaufridy was examined for the "devil's mark" by Jacques Fontaine, professor of medicine at the University of Aix, and when in early 1611 the required marks were found (Gaufridy claimed they had been made on him without his knowledge or consent), the priest was arrested under orders from the "
Parlement " of Aix. He confessed while in prison, and on 11 April 1611 he was publicly tortured and burnt at Aix-en-Provence."Admirable History"
Michaelis and Doncieux co-authored a report on the case, "Histoire admirable de la possession d'une penitente", which was dedicated to Queen Regent
Marie de' Medici . The book contains a detailedhierarchy of devils named by the nuns; many of these demons (often having French names such asRosier or Oeillet) do not appear in other demonologies, but the extent and systematic ordering of the list has led to its being widely adopted in esoteric circles.The Gaufridy affair aroused great public interest, and an English translation of Michaelis' work, "The Admirable History of Possession and Conversion of a Penitent Woman: Seduced by a Magician that Made Her to Become a Witch" was published in 1613 by
William Aspley (the translation, by "W.B.", also includes "Pneumology, or Discourse of Spirits"). In the same year, Michaelis became vicar-general of the Dominican order, and founded its new Paris community.Later accounts
The nineteenth-century historian
Jules Michelet included an account of the Aix case in "La Sorciere" (1862), known in English as "Satanism and Witchcraft ". In that book, Gaufridy is referred to as "Gauffridi", and Doncieux as "Doctor Dompt, from Louvain". Michelet's version appears to have served as a source for many subsequent accounts.ee also
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Loudun possessions
*Louviers possessions References
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