UFM1

Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1, also known as UFM1, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UFM1 ubiquitin-fold modifier 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51569| accessdate = ] Ufm1 shares several common properties with ubiquitin (Ub) and other ubiquitin-like molecules (UBLs). Ufm1 has similar tertiary structure to Ub but lacks any obvious sequence identity. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor form (pro-Ufm1) which has 2 additional amino acids beyond the conserved glycine. The mechanism of Ufm1 conjugation is similar to that of ubiquitin. Mature Ufm1 has an exposed C-terminal glycine which is essential for subsequent activation by its cognate E1 protein (Uba5). This activation step results in the formation of a high-energy thiolester bond in the presence of ATP. The Ufm1 is subsequently transferred to its cognate E2-like enzyme (Ufc1) via a similar thiolester linkage with a cysteine at the E2 active site. Ufm1 is conjugated to a variety of target proteins and forms complexes with as yet unidentified proteins. Thus, presumably there exist E3 ligases (none have been identified to date) to perform the final step in Ufm1 conjugation to relevant targets. The modification of proteins with Ufm1 is also reversible. Two novel thiol proteases have been identified to date (UfSP1 and UfSP2) which cleave Ufm1-peptide C-terminal fusions and also removes Ufm1 from native intracellular conjugates. These proteases have no obvious homology to ubiquitin deconjugating enzymes. The proteins for Ufm1 conjugation (Uba5, Ufc1 and Ufm1) are all conserved in metazoan and plants (but not yeast) suggesting important roles in multicellular organisms. The exact role of Ufm1 modification "in vivo" is not yet known. [cite web | title = Boston Biochem UFM1 overview| url = http://www.bostonbiochem.com/overview.php?prod=ufm1reagent| accessdate = 2008-05-21 ]

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*cite journal | author=Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, "et al." |title=Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 10 |pages= 1546–60 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11042152 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yu Y, Zhang C, Zhou G, "et al." |title=Gene expression profiling in human fetal liver and identification of tissue- and developmental-stage-specific genes through compiled expression profiles and efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 8 |pages= 1392–403 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11483580 |doi= 10.1101/gr.175501
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, "et al." |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285
*cite journal | author=Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, "et al." |title=The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13. |journal=Nature |volume=428 |issue= 6982 |pages= 522–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15057823 |doi= 10.1038/nature02379
*cite journal | author=Komatsu M, Chiba T, Tatsumi K, "et al." |title=A novel protein-conjugating system for Ufm1, a ubiquitin-fold modifier. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=23 |issue= 9 |pages= 1977–86 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15071506 |doi= 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600205
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Sasakawa H, Sakata E, Yamaguchi Y, "et al." |title=Solution structure and dynamics of Ufm1, a ubiquitin-fold modifier 1. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=343 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–6 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16527251 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.107
*cite journal | author=Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, "et al." |title=Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. |journal=Mol. Syst. Biol. |volume=3 |issue= |pages= 89 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17353931 |doi= 10.1038/msb4100134

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