Korean stone art

Korean stone art began as votive art over 3000 years ago, and began to be seen as worthy of scholars a thousand years ago. The art usually works on three scales: large installations of monumental shaped stones as ornamental gates; medium sized shaped stones for landscape decoration within Korean gardens; and the smaller shaped stones for scholar's tables which is the most important. It grew from the Chinese influence of Chinese scholar's rocks which replicated small mountains upon writing tables, fan-shaped agates that drew upon classical creation, myths and shaped landscape stones and rocks within Korean gardens.

Introduction

Early on important sites within landscape were marked with shaped stones, much as those distance markers on post roads. Burial sites were as well given permanent marking by large scale tumulus or mounds, often surrounded by anthropomorphic shaped stones much akin to that of Inuit or First Nations' memory markers. The shamanistic belief of nature being alive, and large scaled elements of nature having souls, has led to the continued use of massive sculpted stone in natural forms throughout Korean traditional entranceways as the firstgrowth cedarwood for gates is now rare.

As Confucian scholarship ascended into the golden age of the Joseon dynasty, scholar rocks became an essential fixture of the writing tables of the yangban class of scholars, and a brilliant example of Confucian art. The repeated Japanese invasions of Korea, culminating with the 50 year occupation period from 1895 to 1945, saw great theft of Korean scholar stones as well as theft of larger pieces taken to Japan from Korean gardens or Seon garden and put into the Zen garden without reference to origins. Recreating a historical approach to Korean scholar stones is difficult, but it is being done.

Smaller ceramic versions of scholar's rocks have been seen cast in celadon, and used as brush-holders, and as well as water droppers for scholar's calligraphy - particularly in the shape of small mountains.

Genres of Korean stone art

* mountain view (horizontal and vertical)
* shaped jade mountains
* shaped rock crystal mountains

* abstract shape
* overhanging shapes
* organic mineral shapes (calcites, pyrites)
* stalctite and stalagmite stelae

* shamanistic shape
* single stone buddhas
* multiple stone buddhas

* astrological year figures (dragon, snake, monkey etc.)
* tree and house shapes

* fossilized fish
* fossilized insects
* stalctite and stalagmite stelae
* enhanced coloured stones

tandard reference work

* Soosuk, #72 in a series of books on Korean culture, Daewonsa Publishing Co, Ltd (Korea, 1989), ISBN 89-369-0072-2 (in Korean)

ee also

* American scholar's rocks or http://www.felixrivera-suiseki.com/My%20Classic%20Suiseki.html
* Chinese scholar's rocks
* Suiseki or Japanese scholar's rocks.
* Korean art
* Korean sculpture
* Korean culture
* List of Korea-related topics

External links

* [http://shimagata.tripod.com/srhist.htm Introduction to Chinese scholar's rocks, for influential styles imported or copied]
* [http://www.luckywonders.com/Suiseki.htm General jumpoff page for the context of scholar rocks, viewing stones, comparatively within the Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese traditions.]
* [http://www.luckywonders.com/LingbiScholarsRock123LB.htm Rarer stones, resonant or chime rocks]
* [http://starbulletin.com/2005/04/05/features/story1.html A lacquer work by Yong Ju Jung, a Korean artist based in Hawaii shows scholar rock influence in contemporary lacquer work.]