- Robert Sungenis
Robert A. Sungenis (born
1955 ), is the controversial founder of the Bellarmine Theological Forum. Sungenis is known for his works inapologetics critiquing the Protestant doctrines ofSola Fide andSola Scriptura . He has also become known for his public advocacy ofgeocentrism and his controversial views of the Jewish people.Biography
Robert Sungenis was raised in a Catholic family, but became a
Protestant in1975 , aged nineteenCitation | url = http://www.catholicintl.com/aboutus/b-robert.htm | accessdate = 2007-07-17 | title = Biography | publisher = Catholic Apologetics International ] . He held various posts (e.g., elder, preacher, adult Sunday school director) in several Protestant Churches including a two-year employment underHarold Camping ofFamily Radio [Citation | first = R. | last = Sungenis | title = Rebuttal ... Concerning the Doctrine of Purgatory (page3) | url = http://www.catholicintl.com/epologetics/dialogs/lastthings/rebutal-white-purgatory3.htm | accessdate = 2007-07-17 | publisher = Catholic Apologetics International ] He obtained his B.A. in Religion from George Washington University in 1979, and an M.A. in theology from Westminster Theological Seminary in 1982. He obtained a Ph.D. in Religious Studies in April 2006 from Calamus International University, although CIU is not recognized by any educational accrediting body in the United States or elsewhere.Sungenis reverted to Catholicism in
1992 at the age of thirty-seven.. In 1994 he was the principle author of a book critiquing the eschatological views of both Harold Camping and a number of prominent Protestant preachers. [Citation | title = Shockwave Two Thousand! The Harold Camping 1994 Debacle | publisher = New Leaf Press | year = 1994 | first = R. | last = Sungenis | first2 = S. | last2 = Temple | first3 = D.A. | last3 = Lewis | url = http://www.amazon.co.uk/Shockwave-Two-Thousand-Camping-Debacle/dp/0892212691 ] . His conversion story to Catholicism is chronicled in the first of the "Surprised By Truth" books [Citation | title = Surprised by Truth: 11 Converts Give the Biblical and Historical Reasons for Becoming Catholic | first = P. | last = Madrid | isbd = 978-0964261082 | url = http://www.amazon.com/Surprised-Truth-Converts-Biblical-Historical/dp/0964261081 | publisher = Basilica Press | year = 1994] edited by Catholic apologist and authorPatrick Madrid . He has debated many Protestant apologists, including James R. White, Dave Hunt,Michael Horton , Robert Godfrey and Robert Zins on doctrinal, theological, and historical issues such asSola Scriptura , thePapacy andpapal infallibility ,Salvation and Justification.Theological works and views
Three of Sungenis' best-known works are "Not by Faith Alone" (
1997 ) on the subject of justification and salvation, "Not by Scripture Alone" (1997) refuting the Protestant doctrine of "sola scriptura", and "Not by Bread Alone" (2000 ) on theEucharist . In2004 Sungenis published the first volume of his "Catholic Apologetics Study Bible" ("Matthew") which included Sungenis' unauthorized revision of the Douay-Rheims translation of the Bible. The second volume, the "Apocalypse of St. John", was released by Queenship Publishing in April 2007. This volume was refused animprimatur by his bishop. In early to mid 2007, Sungenis indicated that he was seeking animprimatur for his book on the Apocalypse from another bishop. However, noimprimatur has been received.His third study volume, "The Epistles of Romans and James", has also been published. This volume was submitted for an imprimatur from another bishop, although noimprimatur has been received to date. His fourth study volume, Genesis: Chapters 1-11, has been completed. Sungenis’ new translation of Genesis 1-11 has been submitted to the USCCB for approval, and its commentary will be submitted for an imprimatur.In June 2006, Sungenis' book [http://www.galileowaswrong.com/"Galileo Was Wrong"] was released. In it Sungenis describes his reasons for adopting geocentric cosmology. According to Sungenis, the book did not qualify to be examined for an imprimatur by Sungenis’ Harrisburg bishop because it was said to be “primarily one of philosophy and science and not one that is primarily theological in nature”. [Citation | title = purportedly from an unpublished letter from the Judicial Vicar, July 19, 2006] However, Sungenis has not published this letter from his Vicar. A second volume outlining the biblical and theological evidence for geocentrism hypotheses was has published in August 2007 under the new title, "Galileo Was Wrong: The Church Was Right".
In addition to his own works, Sungenis has also contributed essays to various Catholic
apologetics collections (e.g., Surprised by Truth, Basilica Press, 1995; Jesus, Peter and the Keys, Queenship Publishing, 1997; The Catholic Answer Book of Mary, Our Sunday Visitor, 2000), in addition to writing and hosting twoEWTN series on television (on Justification, and another withPatrick Madrid on the authority of Scripture and Tradition). However, due to his harsh public criticism ofJohn Paul II and his controversial treatment of Jewish issues, EWTN terminated its association with Sungenis (see [http://web.archive.org/web/20051220130503/http://www.catholicintl.com/qa/july04QA.htm Question 7] ). [Citation | title = Sungenis: Michael Forrest and the Jews, p.1. No longer available online.] Sungenis has also engaged many Protestants and others in moderated debate. He is a member of theYoung Earth creationism group and theKolbe Center for the Study of Creation .Robert Sungenis maintains that the
Second Vatican Council , when interpreted correctly, is fully orthodox. [http://www.catholicintl.com/catholicissues/v2marcinsun.htm] Likewise, he accepts the validity of the present pope, Benedict XVI, and accepts theMass of Paul VI as valid and on par with theTridentine Mass . [http://www.catholicintl.com/epologetics/articles/pastoral/discussion-sede1.htm]tatus of Imprimatur on books
Unlike "Not by Faith Alone" and "Not by Scripture Alone", "Not by Bread Alone" (NBBA) does not possess the Catholic Church's
imprimatur . Sungenis has stated that this was due to jurisdictional issues at the time of publication but that "NBBA" was approved for a Nihil Obstat. [Citation | title = Sungenis: Not By Bread Alone, p. iv] However, in May 2008, Catholic apologist David Armstrong wrote an article stating that Sungenis contradicts several Catholic teachings in "Not By Bread Alone". [http://socrates58.blogspot.com/2008/05/robert-sungenis-denial-of-catholic-de.html] Armstrong writes:Sungenis (rather dramatically and amazingly) denies God's immutability (inability to change), transcendence of time (knowing all things that to us are past, present, and future), the nature of eternity (he seems to think it as somehow a "super-time," rather than transcending time altogether), and asserts that clearly anthropomorphic qualities assigned to God in Holy Scripture such as jealousy and "repenting" are to be taken quite literally.
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) did not issue an
imprimatur for Sungenis' "Catholic Apologetics Study Bible" ("Matthew") because it was regarded as a "translation of a translation" and therefore not truly a new translation and also because of what they described as his advocacy of "dynamic equivalence", a method of translation that is not viewed favorably. [Citation | title = Sungenis: Jacob Michael, The Imprimatur and the Smear Campaign, p. 13. No longer online] According to Sungenis, however, his translation does not make use of dynamic equivalence. He has stated in other works that he does not espouse the dynamic equivalence theory of translation.Fact|date=September 2008 Rather, Sungenis claims that the discrepancy between the USCCB and him centered on the USCCB’s misunderstanding of his use of italic words in his translation.Fact|date=September 2008Sungenis’ bishop denied an
imprimatur to the second volume, the "Apocalypse of St. John". According to Sungenis, this denial was due mainly to “lack of adherence to, or neglect of, authoritative teaching on Judaism and on the Church’s relationship with Judaism” [Citation | title = from an unpublished letter from Harrisburg chancellery, Dec. 6, 2006] . Sungenis indicated that he had submitted this volume to another bishop for review in early 2007 [Citation | title = The Imprimatur and the Smear Campaign, p. 1; no longer available on-line] . No imprimatur has been received to date. No imprimatur has been received for Sungenis' third volume on "Romans" and "James".Conflict with His Bishop and Archbishop Raymond Burke
Robert Sungenis has been in the midst of a [http://www.cufblog.org/?p=273 dispute] with his bishop, The Most Reverend Kevin C. Rhoades, in relation to Sungenis' Jewish writings and postings. In May, 2008, Sungenis' conflict extended to Archbishop Raymond Burke, who was recently elevated from archbishop of the Diocese of St. Louis, MO, to prefect of the Vatican's [http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=59366 top canonical court] .
The dispute began with a denial of an imprimatur for the "Apocalypse of St. John". Sungenis has contested his bishop’s decision, accusing the bishop himself, as well as various representatives of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, of "attempting to propagate" erroneous theology to "unsuspecting Catholics" ( [http://www.catholicintl.com/articles/The%20Old%20Covenant%20Revoked%20or%20Not%20Revoked%20for%20Culture%20Wars.pdf page 10] ). Sungenis further claimed that his bishop’s mentor was William Cardinal Keeler, who had a part in releasing the controversial 2002 document, "Reflections on Covenant and Missions" (RCM). This document received criticism from a number of Catholic organizations such as the [http://hebrewcatholic.org/ Association of Hebrew Catholics] , and [http://www.catholic.com/ Catholic Answers] . Sungenis believes his bishop likely subscribes to Cardinal Keeler's views on the "dual covenant." He states:
Rhoades’ allegiances are not difficult to discern. His lifelong mentor is William Cardinal Keeler who was the previous bishop of Harrisburg and who ordained Rhoades to that position in 2004. It appears that he and Keeler are on the same wavelength when it comes to reinterpreting Catholic doctrine to accommodate the Jews. ( [http://www.catholicintl.com/articles/The%20Old%20Covenant%20Revoked%20or%20Not%20Revoked%20for%20Culture%20Wars.pdf page 10] )
Sungenis' bishop has responded to these charges in a letter to Mr. Michael Forrest, former vice-president of Sungenis' organization and current owner of a website created in response to Robert Sungenis' treatment of various Jewish issues. Bishop Rhoades stated that Sungenis' charges were "slanderous and erroneous". (see [http://www.sungenisandthejews.com/uploads/Bishop_Rhoades_Letter.pdf letter] and [http://www.cufblog.org/?p=273 Catholics United for the Faith] ). Forrest also documented that the guilt-by-association linkage that Sungenis attempted to make between Bishop Rhoades, Cardinal Keeler and the RCM document is false. [http://sungenisandthejews.blogspot.com/2008/02/bishop-rhoades-sets-record-straight_21.html#Evidence2] [http://sungenisandthejews.blogspot.com/2008/03/by-sungenis-alone_29.html#fourteen] Sungenis responded to Bishop Rhoades and Forrest. [http://www.catholicintl.com/articles/My%20Response%20to%20Bishop%20Rhoades%20Re%20Old%20Covenant.pdf] In turn, "Catholics United for the Faith" and ten individuals posted a comprehensive reply to Sungenis. [http://www.cufblog.org/?p=311&preview=true]
In a more recent article written in response to author Mark Shea (May 2008), Sungenis became more explicit in his accusations of heresy against his bishop:
Mr. Shea doesn’t regard it as a departure from Catholic doctrine because he believes the same heresy that Bishop Rhoades believes. [http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:hh-O1KvPGK8J:www.catholicintl.com/articles/Answer%2520to%2520Shea%2520on%2520Jones%2520book.doc+imprimatur&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=20&gl=us]
In a subsequent revision of this article, Sungenis has equivocated on the heresy charge he leveled against Bishop Rhoades:
Mr. Shea doesn't regard it as a departure from Catholic doctrine because he believes the same heresy that Bishop Rhoades has not clearly renounced and so presumably still believes. [http://www.catholicintl.com/articles/Answer%20to%20Shea%20on%20Jones%20book.pdf]
In this article, Sungenis also suggested that his bishop may be deferential to Jews "because they own the mortgages on the Catholic buildings erected in his and other dioceses" and that ""it's time for people to wake up and stop being corralled by the Jewish slave masters" (p. 10).
Another issue Sungenis and many other concerned Catholics have raised relates to the USCCB’s new United States Catholic Catechism for Adults (USCCA), which states on page 131 that “the covenant that God made with the Jewish people through Moses remains eternally valid for them.” Sungenis maintains that the official Catholic position is that the Mosaic covenant is revoked. In a recent article, Sungenis acknowledged the possibility that he may be misunderstanding this passage of the USCCA. In a more recent article, however, Sungenis intensified his criticisms, claiming that this passage has "intentionally" been written by the U.S. Catholic bishops so as to teach something erroneous to "unsuspecting Catholics." ( [http://www.catholicintl.com/catholicissues/Letter%20to%20Levada%20re%20US%20Catechism%202.pdf page 3 of article 1] , [http://www.catholicintl.com/articles/The%20Old%20Covenant%20Revoked%20or%20Not%20Revoked%20for%20Culture%20Wars.pdf pages 6,7,11 and 17 of article 2] ) Sungenis' bishop also [http://www.sungenisandthejews.com/uploads/Bishop_Rhoades_Letter.pdf expressed reservations] about this sentence, indicating that "I can see how the one statement [in the USCCA] might be misunderstood...I would interpret it to mean that the Jewish people retain a special relationship to God because of the Old Covenant, but I would not interpret it to mean that the Jewish people can be saved through the Old Covenant apart from Christ." In August, 2008, by a vote of 231 to 14, the U. S. bishops replaced this sentence on page 131 of the USCCA and indicated that it was "not flat-out wrong" but "was ambiguous and needed to be qualified." [http://www.usccb.org/stories/bishops_vote_catec.shtml]
In May, 2008, Archbishop Raymond Burke intervened to halt a presentation that Sungenis was scheduled to make in the Diocese of St. Louis. [Citation | title = Sungenis, Washington Post Carries Article on USCCB Catechism Change, page 10] Sungenis complained that the archbishop refused to listen to his side of the story and that in so doing the archbishop had "skirt [ed] canon law and common decency." [Citation | title = ibid, p. 13]
Geocentrism controversy
In early 2002, Robert Sungenis came under much criticism for publicly reviving the geocentric worldview. [http://www.galileowaswrong.com] This view is similar to the historic Tychonic worldview, which holds that the universe was created with earth at its center and stationary in space. In addition to claiming scientific viability for geocentrism, Sungenis bases his argument on the testimony of the early
Church Fathers and medieval theologians; the traditional interpretation of Scripture supported by the Church, and the authoritative declarations of three popes of the seventeenth century, namely Paul V, Urban VIII, Alexander VII. Sungenis does not claim these decrees met the level defined inVatican I required forpapal infallibility , nor does he consider Catholics who reject geocentrism as dissidents, but nevertheless he maintains that the theological case for geocentrism is very strong.PhD in Geocentrism
According to Sungenis, when he became interested in geocentrism, he was already enrolled in a doctoral program at
Maryvale Institute in Birmingham England. He requested permission to change the topic of his dissertation to geocentrism, but as this was not permitted, he chose to drop their program and seek another institution. After the topic of geocentrism was also rejected by other accredited institutions, he enrolled inCalamus International University [http://www.unicalamus.org] , which is not recognized by any educational accrediting body in the United States or elsewhere. His academic supervisor was the then academic dean, Morris Berg. However, as Berg’s degree is in hypnotherapy and since the university specializes in "holisitic, therapeutic, spiritual, New Age" fields of study [http://www.unicalamus.org/courses.htm] , Sungenis was permitted another academic supervisor with a scientific background, although his doctorate was to be in theology.
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