Lactarius uvidus

Taxobox | name = "Lactarius uvidus"


image_width = 240px
image_caption = "L. uvidus"
regnum = Fungi
divisio = Basidiomycota
class = Homobasidiomycetes
ordo = Russulales
familia = Russulaceae
genus = "Lactarius"
species = "L. uvidus"
binomial = "Lactarius uvidus"
binomial_authority = Fr (1838)mycomorphbox
name = Lactarius uvidus
whichGills = subdecurrent
capShape = flat
capShape2 = depressed
hymeniumType=gills
stipeCharacter=bare
ecologicalType=mycorrhizal
sporePrintColor=white
howEdible=inedible

"Lactarius uvidus" is a European and North American "milk-cap" mushroom, of which the milk turns violet when the flesh is damaged. The fungi generally identified as "L. uvidus" are part of a complex of closely related species and varieties which are difficult to delimit definitively, .Kuo, M. (2004, September). "Lactarius uvidus". On the "MushroomExpert.Com" Web site: [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/lactarius_uvidus.html] ]

It gives its name to the section "Uvidi" within the genus "Lactarius". It is generally thought to be poisonous (but Moser classifies it as edible with reservations).

Taxonomy

"Lactarius uvidus" was first described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries as "Agaricus uvidus" in 1818, before being given its current binomial name by the same author in 1838.

Description

Meinhard Moser, translated by Simon Plant: "Keys to Agarics and Boleti" (Roger Phillips 1983) ISBN 0-9508486-0-3.] Marcel Bon: "The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe" Hodder & Stoughton ISBN 0-340-39935-X.] Phillips, Roger (1981) Entry in "Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain & Europe" published by Pan Books Ltd., Cavaye Place, London SW10 9PG. ] Courtecuisse, R. & Duhem, B. (1994) "Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe" Delachaux et Niestlé ISBN 2-603-00953-2, also available in English. ]
*The cap of up to about 10cm is beige or grey and often also has a lilac hue. It is flat-topped or sometimes becomes centrally depressed when older. The surface is greasy or viscous when damp.
*The gills are slightly decurrent and have a creamy colour, tending to become spotted violet by the milk where damaged.
*The milk is initially white and turns violet, but only if left in contact with the gills or flesh. The milk and the flesh taste slightly bitter.
*The pallid stipe grows up to about 8cm high by 2cm diameter, becoming hollow with age.

Distribution

This cluster of species is found in deciduous and coniferous woods, with a preference towards acid soils. It has a wide distribution in Europe, North Africa, and North America, being fairly common in some regions but rare in others. It appears classified as vulnerable or endangered in the Danish [See [http://www.sns.dk/netpub/rodliste/71.htm the Danish Fungus red list] where this species is classed as vulnerable ("sårbar").] and Dutch [See [http://www.mycologen.nl/index_e.htm Nederlandse Mycologische Vereniging (Dutch Mycological Society) site] and in particular [http://www.paddestoelenkartering.nl/downloads/RodeLijst.txt the text of the red list] where this species is classed as endangered ("Bedreigd").] Red Lists of Fungi.

Related species

"Lactarius uvidus" belongs to section "Uvidi" of the genus, the members of which are characterized by milk which discolours violet, and by the greasy cap surface. These mushrooms are divided into two sub-sections: the "Aspidieni", which have a whitish, ochre or greyish cap , and the "Uvidini" (including "L. uvidus"), which have a lilac, violaceous, or brownish cap. A more complete list of these species can be found in the List of Lactarius species.

Some less well-known but closely related European species are "L. pseudouvidus" Kühner (1985) (found in alpine zone, up to 4cm in diameter, with ochraceous yellow gills), "L. robertianus" Bon (1985) (also alpine, darker coloured, with smell of cedar wood), and "L. luridus" (Pers.) Gray (1821) (whose milk goes a deep violet). Since "L. uvidus" seeems to be a cluster of species, it is particularly difficult to pin down the correspondence between descriptions and collections originating from Europe (on one hand) and from North America (on the other).

Some examples of varieties inside the main species are "L. uvidus var. pallidus" Bres. (which is whitish), and "L. uvidus var. candidulus" Neuh. (which is small and pale and comes in muddy places).

References