Robert de Sablé

Robert de Sablé was Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1191 to 1193 and Lord of Cyprus from 1191 to 1192.

Personal life

No exact record of his birth date exists, but it is believed he was relatively old at the time of his death. He was born to a respected military family in Anjou and was "a leading Angevin vassal of the King" [History of the Templars - Malcolm Barber] . His Lordship was based on a cluster of lands in the River Sarthe valley, which he inherited in the 1160s. [History of the Templars - Malcolm Barber] . He was succeeded in Anjou by his daughter Margaret de Sablé, who by marriage passed the entire honor to William des Roches, also a knight of the Third Crusade. Robert died in the Holy land on the 23rd September 1192 or 1193 [vitae paparum avenionensium] .

Military Record

Angevin Civil War

In 1173, Robert supported Henry the Young King in a revolt against Henry II. The uprising was crushed but Robert must have remained in favour with the Angevin Kings, as Richard I would later be instrumental in his appointment as Grand Master [History of the Templars - Malcolm Barber] . He contributed money to French monastic houses in 1190 as a way of making amends [History of the Templars - Malcolm Barber] .

Third Crusade

Despite only having a short tenure, de Sable's reign was filled with campaigning, and successful campaigning at that. The might of Richard the Lion Heart's strategy, seasoned troops and the elite Templar knights scored many victories. During the 3rd Crusade, they laid siege to the city of Acre, which soon fell. Throughout August 1191, they also recaptured many fortresses and cities along the Palestinian coast, which had been lost previously.

The new coalition's finest hour was the Battle of Arsuf, September 7th 1191. Saladin's Muslim forces appeared to have become far stronger than the Christians, and a decisive victory was desperately needed. Pooling all of the crusader's strength, the Knights Hospitaller joined the ranks, plus many knights from de Sable's native Anjou, Maine, and Brittany. They met Saladin's troops on the dry plains and soon broke his ranks. Those who stayed to fight were killed, and the remaining Islamic troops were forced to retreat.

Acquisition of Cyprus

At the end of 1191, Richard Lion Heart agreed to sell Cyprus to the Templars for 25,000 pieces of silver. Richard had plundered the Island from the Byzantine forces of a rival Emperor in Cyprus some months earlier and had no real use for it. Whereas the Hospitallers would later establish solid bases in Rhodes and Malta, de Sable failed to do the same with Cyprus. He was Lord for 2 years, until he gave (or sold) the island to Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, as he was without a Kingdom.

De Sable did manage to establish a Chieftain House of the Order in Saint-Jean d’Acre, which remained for almost a century.

Delayed Election

De Sable was lucky to have been Grand Master at all, as at the time of Gérard de Ridefort's death, he was not even a member of the Templar Order. However, the senior knights had become increasingly opposed to Masters fighting on the front line, and the capture and beheading of Grand Master Gerard de Ridefort became the final straw. They delayed elections for over a year so that the rules regarding active service of Grand Masters could be reviewed. During this hiatus, de Sable did join the order, just in time to be considered for election. When he was made Grand Master, he had been a Templar knight for less than a year.

Popular Culture

* De Sable features in the game Assassin's Creed as the primary antagonist.

References

http://www.templiers.org/robertsable-eng.php