Joseph Déjacque

Joseph Déjacque (b. December 1821, Paris - d. 1864, Paris) was a French anarcho-communist poet and writer. He sought to abolish "personal property, property in land, buildings, workshops, shops, property in anything that is an instrument of work, production or consumption." ["Anarchist-Communism" by Alain Pengam]

Déjacque was the first to use the term "libertarian" in print in 1857 in a letter criticising Pierre Joseph Proudhon for an attack by the latter on feminism and his support for individual ownership of the product of labor and a market economy, saying: "it is not the product of his or her labor that the worker has a right to, but to the satisfaction of his or her needs, whatever may be their nature."dubious

Life

Of unknown origins, Déjacque was first heard of when arrested as part of the revolutionary upheavals in France in 1848. Imprisoned for a time for socialist agitation, he was released but rearrested in 1851 and sentenced for two years for his collection of poems "Les Lazaréennes, Fables et Poésies Sociales". He escaped to London around the time of the December 2, 1851 coup d'état. While in Jersey between 1852 and 1853 he published "La question révolutionnaire", an exposition of anarchism.Dejacque, Joseph, [http://www.blackrosebooks.net/anarism1.htm "Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas - Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE-1939)] ", ed. Robert Graham; includes English translations from "The Revolutionary Question" and his 1857 letter to Proudhon.] From there he passed on the USA where he spoke to workers associations in New York and was a signatory to the programme of the First International there in 1855.Fact|date=July 2007

Whilst staying in New Orleans from 1856 to 1858, he wrote his famous anarchist utopia "L'Humanisphère, Utopie anarchique" but could not find a publisher. Returning to New York he was able to serialise his book in his periodical "Le Libertaire, Journal du Mouvement social". Published in 27 issues from June 9, 1858 to February 4, 1861, "Le Libertaire" was the first anarcho-communist journal published in America. As well as many articles on revolution and current political events both in France and the USA he attacked the hanging of John Brown after the raid on Harpers Ferry and propagandised for the abolitionist cause. His stay in New York ended when his work prospects ran out due to the economic slump occasioned by the outbreak of the American Civil War. He returned to London and then to Paris following the amnesty, where he died a few years later in extreme poverty.

Citations

See also

*Anarchism in France

External links

* [http://joseph.dejacque.free.fr/ Complete works in French, includes 1857 letter to Proudhon]
* [http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/DejacqueJoseph.htm Joseph Dejacque page] from the Anarchist Encyclopedia