- Arthur Garfield Hays
Arthur Garfield Hays (1881-1954) was born in
Rochester, New York , on December 12, 1881. His father and mother, both of German descent, belonged to prospering families in the clothing manufacturing industry. After graduating fromColumbia College in 1902 andColumbia Law School in 1905, Hays formed a law firm with two of his former classmates that gained prominence representing German interests inWorld War I .Hays was active in
civil liberties issues before becoming general counsel for theAmerican Civil Liberties Union in 1920. From this point one can recognize the emergence of what many have called Hays's "dual personality," in which he became a wealthy lawyer who represented the interests of power and fame (his more prominent clients ranged fromWall Street brokers and best-selling authors to notorious gamblers and theDionne quintuplets )--while at the same time vigorously defending the individual liberty of victims of discriminatory laws.The list of famous cases in which Hays took part is lengthy, including the
Scopes trial (often called the "monkey trial") in 1925 in which a school teacher in Tennessee was tried for teaching evolution;Larson, Edward John (1997). "Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion", pp. 68-69. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 046507510X.] theSacco and Vanzetti case in which two Italiananarchist s inBoston were put to death in 1927 for a murder they denied committing; and theScottsboro case where eight black men fromAlabama were condemned to die in 1931 for allegedly attacking two white women. Hays also attended the Reichstag trial inBerlin on behalf ofGeorgi Dimitrov , a Bulgarian Communist tried by Nazis in 1933 for burning the Reichstag.In addition to his work as a lawyer, Hays wrote numerous books and articles. As a gifted writer and eloquent debater, he added his perspective to virtually every individual rights issue of his day. His
autobiography , entitled "City Lawyer: The Autobiography of a Law Practice" (1942), provides a colorful account of his more noteworthy cases, and his articles and book reviews demonstrate his wide-ranging knowledge of a nation and a world experiencing dramatic change in the way individual rights were perceived.Hays married Blanche Marks in 1908 and divorced her in 1924. They had one daughter, Mrs. Lora Spindell. He married Aline Davis Fleisher in 1924, who died in 1944. They also had a daughter, Mrs. Jane Butler. After more than four decades at the center of the individual rights debate, Hays died of a
heart attack on December 14, 1954.References
Further reading
For information on his trial work with
Clarence Darrow , see Boyle, Kevin, "Arc of Justice", 2004, Henry Holt & Company, New York, ISBN 0-8050-7933-5.
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