Théodule Meunier

Théodule Meunier (d. 1907) was a French anarchist who, along with Emile Henry and Auguste Vaillant, was responsible for a series of bombings in Paris, France during early 1892. The three specifically targeted both civilian and government buildings which included boulevard cafes, the homes of magistrates, police stations and the Chamber of Deputies. [ Porter, Bernard. "The Origins of the Vigilant State: The London Metropolitan Police". Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 1991. (pg. 101) ISBN 0-85115-283-X ]

Biography

A cabinet maker by trade, Meunier had joined the French anarchist movement during the early 1890s. According to Charles Malato, it was said of Meunier that he was "...the most remarkable type of revolutionary illuminist, an ascetic and a visionary, as passionate for the search for the ideal society as Saint-Just, and as merciless as seeking his way towards it."

During the trial of the notorious anarchist known as Ravachol, Meunier set off a bomb at the Lobau Barracks, the site of the Communard massacres, on 15 March 1892. On 25 April, the day before Ravachol was to be sentenced, the "Cafe Very" in which Ravachol was arrested was also bombed killing the owner and a customer as well as injuring numerous others. [ Pyle, Christopher H. "Extradition, Politics, and Human Rights". Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001. (pg. 107) ISBN 1-56639-823-1 ] [ Chaliand, Gérard and Arnaud Blin. "The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda". Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2007. (pg. 157) ISBN 0-520-24709-4 ] Seeking asylum in Great Britain, like other contemporaries such as Jean-Pierre François he lived as a political refugee in London for a time [ cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/themes/92/92739.html |title=Political refugees in Britain, 1826-1905 |accessdate= |author=Porter, Bernard |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2005 |month=May |format= |work= |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= ] before his eventual arrest by Scotland Yard detective William Melville at London Victoria Station on 4 April 1894. [ Porter, Bernard. "The Origins of the Vigilant State: The London Metropolitan Police". Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 1991. (pg. 197) ISBN 0-85115-283-X ]

Extradited to France in June, Meunier was tried the following month and sentenced to life imprisonment in a penal colony in Cayenne. He would remain there for 14 years until his death in 1907, following a failed escape attempt. He had been in correspondence with fellow French anarchist Jean Grave the previous year and, in one letter expressed no remorse for his crimes stating "I only did what I had to do. If I could start over again, I would do the same thing." [ Woodcock, George. "Anarchism: A history of Libertarian Ideas and Movements". Toronto: Broadview Press, 2004. (pg. 258-259) ISBN 1-55111-629-4 ]

He was used as the main antagonist of detective Sherlock Holmes in René Réouven's 1985 novel "L'Assassin du Boulevard". [ cite web |url=http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=1598 |title=Anarchism and Literature |accessdate= |author=Enckell, Marianne |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2006-09-02 |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher=R.A. Forum |pages= |language=French |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= ]

References