CAMKK2

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta, also known as CAMKK2, is a human gene.cite journal | author = Hsu LS, Tsou AP, Chi CW, Lee CH, Chen JY | title = Cloning, expression and chromosomal localization of human Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase | journal = J. Biomed. Sci. | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 141–9 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9662074 | doi = | url = | issn = ] cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CAMKK2 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10645| accessdate = ]

Function

The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase family, and to the Ca⁺⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. This protein plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase cascade by phosphorylating the downstream kinases CaMK1 and CaMK4.

CaMKK2 regulates production of the appetite stimulating hormone neuropeptide Y and functions as an AMPK kinase in the hypothalamus.cite journal | author = Anderson KA, Ribar TJ, Lin F, Noeldner PK, Green MF, Muehlbauer MJ, Witters LA, Kemp BE, Means AR | title = Hypothalamic CaMKK2 contributes to the regulation of energy balance | journal = Cell Metab. | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 377–88 | year = 2008 | month = May | pmid = 18460329 | doi = 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.02.011 | url = | issn = ] Inhibition of CaMKK2 mice reduces appetite and promotes weight loss.

Isoforms

Seven transcript variants encoding six distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Additional splice variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. The identified isoforms exhibit a distinct ability to undergo autophosphorylation and to phosphorylate the downstream kinases.cite journal | author = Hsu LS, Chen GD, Lee LS, Chi CW, Cheng JF, Chen JY | title = Human Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta gene encodes multiple isoforms that display distinct kinase activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 33 | pages = 31113–23 | year = 2001 | month = August | pmid = 11395482 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011720200 | url = | issn = ] cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CAMKK2 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10645| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, "et al." |title=Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 99–106 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168954 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hsu LS, Tsou AP, Chi CW, "et al." |title=Cloning, expression and chromosomal localization of human Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase. |journal=J. Biomed. Sci. |volume=5 |issue= 2 |pages= 141–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9662074 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Anderson KA, Means RL, Huang QH, "et al." |title=Components of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and cellular localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 48 |pages= 31880–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9822657 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, "et al." |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=5 |issue= 5 |pages= 277–86 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9872452 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hsu LS, Chen GD, Lee LS, "et al." |title=Human Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta gene encodes multiple isoforms that display distinct kinase activity. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 33 |pages= 31113–23 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11395482 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M011720200
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Imai S, Okayama N, Shimizu M, Itoh M |title=Increased intracellular calcium activates serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) through a calmodulin-calcium calmodulin dependent kinase kinase pathway in Chinese hamster ovary cells. |journal=Life Sci. |volume=72 |issue= 20 |pages= 2199–209 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12628440 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ishikawa Y, Tokumitsu H, Inuzuka H, "et al." |title=Identification and characterization of novel components of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade in HeLa cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=550 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 57–63 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12935886 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Hawley SA, Pan DA, Mustard KJ, "et al." |title=Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase. |journal=Cell Metab. |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 9–19 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16054095 |doi= 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.05.009
*cite journal | author=Woods A, Dickerson K, Heath R, "et al." |title=Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta acts upstream of AMP-activated protein kinase in mammalian cells. |journal=Cell Metab. |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–33 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16054096 |doi= 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.06.005
*cite journal | author=Novak G, Seeman P, Tallerico T |title=Increased expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta in frontal cortex in schizophrenia and depression. |journal=Synapse |volume=59 |issue= 1 |pages= 61–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16247765 |doi= 10.1002/syn.20211
*cite journal | author=Stahmann N, Woods A, Carling D, Heller R |title=Thrombin activates AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells via a pathway involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=26 |issue= 16 |pages= 5933–45 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16880506 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.00383-06
*cite journal | author=Erhardt A, Lucae S, Unschuld PG, "et al." |title=Association of polymorphisms in P2RX7 and CaMKKb with anxiety disorders. |journal=Journal of affective disorders |volume=101 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 159–68 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17197037 |doi= 10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.016

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