Rnd3

Rnd3 is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases.cite journal |author=Ridley A. |year=2006 |title=Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking |journal=Trends Cell Biol |volume=16 |issue=10 |pages=522–9 |issn=0962-8924 |doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006] . It is encoded by the gene RND3. cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RND3 Rho family GTPase 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=390| accessdate = ]

Like other members of the Rho family of Ras-related GTPases it regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors.

Regulation

Like Ras, Rho family members appear to cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. Three major regulators of Rho activity have been identified: RhoGDIs, which interact with the GDP-bound Rho proteins to keep them in a resting complex (see MIM 601925); GEFs, which promote GDP/GTP exchange leading to activation of Rho proteins (see MIM 601855); and GAPs, which stimulate GTP hydrolysis and return the activated Rho protein to its inactive form (see MIM 602680) (Nobes et al., 1998). [supplied by OMIM] cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RND3 Rho family GTPase 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=390| accessdate = ]

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References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Foster R, Hu KQ, Lu Y, "et al." |title=Identification of a novel human Rho protein with unusual properties: GTPase deficiency and in vivo farnesylation. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 6 |pages= 2689–99 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8649376 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB |title=Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 9 |pages= 791–806 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8889548 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nobes CD, Lauritzen I, Mattei MG, "et al." |title=A new member of the Rho family, Rnd1, promotes disassembly of actin filament structures and loss of cell adhesion. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=141 |issue= 1 |pages= 187–97 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9531558 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Katoh H, Harada A, Mori K, Negishi M |title=Socius is a novel Rnd GTPase-interacting protein involved in disassembly of actin stress fibers. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 9 |pages= 2952–64 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11940653 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Fiegen D, Blumenstein L, Stege P, "et al." |title=Crystal structure of Rnd3/RhoE: functional implications. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=525 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 100–4 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12163169 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Riento K, Guasch RM, Garg R, "et al." |title=RhoE binds to ROCK I and inhibits downstream signaling. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 12 |pages= 4219–29 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12773565 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wennerberg K, Forget MA, Ellerbroek SM, "et al." |title=Rnd proteins function as RhoA antagonists by activating p190 RhoGAP. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 13 |pages= 1106–15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12842009 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Bektic J, Pfeil K, Berger AP, "et al." |title=Small G-protein RhoE is underexpressed in prostate cancer and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |journal=Prostate |volume=64 |issue= 4 |pages= 332–40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15754346 |doi= 10.1002/pros.20243
*cite journal | author=Rubenstein NM, Chan JF, Kim JY, "et al." |title=Rnd3/RhoE induces tight junction formation in mammary epithelial tumor cells. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=305 |issue= 1 |pages= 74–82 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15777789 |doi= 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.12.010
*cite journal | author=Benzinger A, Muster N, Koch HB, "et al." |title=Targeted proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 sigma, a p53 effector commonly silenced in cancer. |journal=Mol. Cell Proteomics |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 785–95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15778465 |doi= 10.1074/mcp.M500021-MCP200
*cite journal | author=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, "et al." |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209
*cite journal | author=Kim YS, Hori M, Yasuda K, Ozaki H |title=Differences in the gestational pattern of mRNA expression of the Rnd family in rat and human myometria. |journal=Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. |volume=142 |issue= 4 |pages= 410–5 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16311049 |doi= 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.028
*cite journal | author=Ongusaha PP, Kim HG, Boswell SA, "et al." |title=RhoE is a pro-survival p53 target gene that inhibits ROCK I-mediated apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 24 |pages= 2466–72 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17174923 |doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.056
*cite journal | author=Poch E, Miñambres R, Mocholí E, "et al." |title=RhoE interferes with Rb inactivation and regulates the proliferation and survival of the U87 human glioblastoma cell line. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=313 |issue= 4 |pages= 719–31 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17182035 |doi= 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.006

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