PSME1

Proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha), also known as PSME1, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PSME1 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5720| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three alpha and three beta subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PSME1 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5720| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL |title=Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=65 |issue= |pages= 801–47 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8811196 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101
*cite journal | author=Sijts A, Sun Y, Janek K, "et al." |title=The role of the proteasome activator PA28 in MHC class I antigen processing. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=39 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 165–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12200048 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Goff SP |title=Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1. |journal=Cell |volume=114 |issue= 3 |pages= 281–3 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12914693 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, "et al." |title=Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes. |journal=Electrophoresis |volume=13 |issue= 12 |pages= 960–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1286667 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ahn JY, Tanahashi N, Akiyama K, "et al." |title=Primary structures of two homologous subunits of PA28, a gamma-interferon-inducible protein activator of the 20S proteasome. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=366 |issue= 1 |pages= 37–42 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7789512 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Realini C, Dubiel W, Pratt G, "et al." |title=Molecular cloning and expression of a gamma-interferon-inducible activator of the multicatalytic protease. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 32 |pages= 20727–32 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8051173 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Honoré B, Leffers H, Madsen P, Celis JE |title=Interferon-gamma up-regulates a unique set of proteins in human keratinocytes. Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA encoding the RGD-sequence-containing protein IGUP I-5111. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=218 |issue= 2 |pages= 421–30 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8269930 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ahn K, Erlander M, Leturcq D, "et al." |title=In vivo characterization of the proteasome regulator PA28. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 30 |pages= 18237–42 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8663520 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB |title=Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 9 |pages= 791–806 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8889548 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Seeger M, Ferrell K, Frank R, Dubiel W |title=HIV-1 tat inhibits the 20 S proteasome and its 11 S regulator-mediated activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 13 |pages= 8145–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9079628 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Soza A, Knuehl C, Groettrup M, "et al." |title=Expression and subcellular localization of mouse 20S proteasome activator complex PA28. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=413 |issue= 1 |pages= 27–34 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9287111 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McCusker D, Jones T, Sheer D, Trowsdale J |title=Genetic relationships of the genes encoding the human proteasome beta subunits and the proteasome PA28 complex. |journal=Genomics |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 362–7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9344661 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4948
*cite journal | author=Johnston SC, Whitby FG, Realini C, "et al." |title=The proteasome 11S regulator subunit REG alpha (PA28 alpha) is a heptamer. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=6 |issue= 11 |pages= 2469–73 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9385652 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wang X, Omura S, Szweda LI, "et al." |title=Rapamycin inhibits proteasome activator expression and proteasome activity. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=27 |issue= 11 |pages= 2781–6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9394799 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Knowlton JR, Johnston SC, Whitby FG, "et al." |title=Structure of the proteasome activator REGalpha (PA28alpha). |journal=Nature |volume=390 |issue= 6660 |pages= 639–43 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9403698 |doi= 10.1038/37670
*cite journal | author=Kohda K, Ishibashi T, Shimbara N, "et al." |title=Characterization of the mouse PA28 activator complex gene family: complete organizations of the three member genes and a physical map of the approximately 150-kb region containing the alpha- and beta-subunit genes. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=160 |issue= 10 |pages= 4923–35 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9590240 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Madani N, Kabat D |title=An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the viral Vif protein. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=72 |issue= 12 |pages= 10251–5 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9811770 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Simon JH, Gaddis NC, Fouchier RA, Malim MH |title=Evidence for a newly discovered cellular anti-HIV-1 phenotype. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 12 |pages= 1397–400 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9846577 |doi= 10.1038/3987
*cite journal | author=McCusker D, Wilson M, Trowsdale J |title=Organization of the genes encoding the human proteasome activators PA28alpha and beta. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=49 |issue= 5 |pages= 438–45 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10199920 |doi=

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