Granulin

Granulin, also known as GRN, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRN granulin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2896| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 88 kDa precursor protein, progranulin, is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Both the peptides and intact granulin protein regulate cell growth. However, different members of the granulin protein family may act as inhibitors, stimulators, or have dual actions on cell growth. Granulin family members are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRN granulin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2896| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

*cite journal | author=Eriksen J, Mackenzie IR |title=Progranulin: normal function and role in neurodegeneration. |journal=J Neurochem |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages= 287–297 |year= 2008 |pmid= 117953663 |doi= 10.1111/j.14714159.2007.04968.x PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Serrero G |title=Autocrine growth factor revisited: PC-cell-derived growth factor (progranulin), a critical player in breast cancer tumorigenesis. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=308 |issue= 3 |pages= 409–13 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12914763 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ahmed Z, Mackenzie IR, Hutton ML, Dickson DW |title=Progranulin in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuroinflammation. |journal=Journal of neuroinflammation |volume=4 |issue= |pages= 7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17291356 |doi= 10.1186/1742-2094-4-7
*cite journal | author=Mackenzie IR |title=The neuropathology and clinical phenotype of FTD with progranulin mutations. |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=114 |issue= 1 |pages= 49–54 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17458552 |doi= 10.1007/s00401-007-0223-8
*cite journal | author=Pickering-Brown SM |title=Progranulin and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=114 |issue= 1 |pages= 39–47 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17572900 |doi= 10.1007/s00401-007-0241-6
*cite journal | author=Bhandari V, Bateman A |title=Structure and chromosomal location of the human granulin gene. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=188 |issue= 1 |pages= 57–63 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1417868 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bhandari V, Palfree RG, Bateman A |title=Isolation and sequence of the granulin precursor cDNA from human bone marrow reveals tandem cysteine-rich granulin domains. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue= 5 |pages= 1715–9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1542665 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Plowman GD, Green JM, Neubauer MG, "et al." |title=The epithelin precursor encodes two proteins with opposing activities on epithelial cell growth. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 18 |pages= 13073–8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1618805 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bateman A, Belcourt D, Bennett H, "et al." |title=Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=173 |issue= 3 |pages= 1161–8 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2268320 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Baba T, Hoff HB, Nemoto H, "et al." |title=Acrogranin, an acrosomal cysteine-rich glycoprotein, is the precursor of the growth-modulating peptides, granulins, and epithelins, and is expressed in somatic as well as male germ cells. |journal=Mol. Reprod. Dev. |volume=34 |issue= 3 |pages= 233–43 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8471244 |doi= 10.1002/mrd.1080340302
*cite journal | author=Kardana A, Bagshawe KD, Coles B, "et al." |title=Characterisation of UGP and its relationship with beta-core fragment. |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=67 |issue= 4 |pages= 686–92 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8471426 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhou J, Gao G, Crabb JW, Serrero G |title=Purification of an autocrine growth factor homologous with mouse epithelin precursor from a highly tumorigenic cell line. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 15 |pages= 10863–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8496151 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, "et al." |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction. |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107–13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138
*cite journal | author=Bhandari V, Daniel R, Lim PS, Bateman A |title=Structural and functional analysis of a promoter of the human granulin/epithelin gene. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=319 ( Pt 2) |issue= |pages= 441–7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8912679 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, "et al." |title=Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, "et al." |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhang H, Serrero G |title=Inhibition of tumorigenicity of the teratoma PC cell line by transfection with antisense cDNA for PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF, epithelin/granulin precursor). |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 24 |pages= 14202–7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9826678 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Trinh DP, Brown KM, Jeang KT |title=Epithelin/granulin growth factors: extracellular cofactors for HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat proteins. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=256 |issue= 2 |pages= 299–306 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10079180 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0317
*cite journal | author=He Z, Bateman A |title=Progranulin gene expression regulates epithelial cell growth and promotes tumor growth in vivo. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=59 |issue= 13 |pages= 3222–9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10397269 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Thornton MA, Poncz M, Korostishevsky M, "et al." |title=The human platelet alphaIIb gene is not closely linked to its integrin partner beta3. |journal=Blood |volume=94 |issue= 6 |pages= 2039–47 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10477733 |doi=

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