Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851
- Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851
The Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (14 & 15 Vict. c. 60) passed in 1851 as an anti-Roman Catholic measure, repealed 20 years later by the Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1871.
When the Church of England was originally established as independent of the Pope by Henry VIII, it continued to use the same buildings and hierarchy as before. Hence, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London (for example) continued with the same titles, and operated from the same cathedrals, and the same went for the whole of the Church of England hierarchy.
In 1850, Pope Pius IX set up a rival Roman Catholic hierarchy of bishops in England as part of an attempted Roman Catholic revival and 'conversion of England' which was met with widespread hostility from those who characterised it as an act of 'papal aggression'. The Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851 was passed in response. It made it a criminal offence for anyone outside the Church of England to use an episcopal territorial title (such as Bishop of Anytown), and provided that any property passed to a person under such a title would be forfeit to the Crown.
It did not succeed in its aim and the Roman Catholic bishops continued to operate under their territorial titles on an illegal basis, the law never being enforced against them.
Repeal
It was repealed in 1871 by the Liberal administration of Prime Minister Gladstone.
The act of repeal (the Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1871 34 and 35 Vict. c. 53) specified in its preamble and in section 1 that the repeal of the earlier Act did not give legal force to the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in England or confer upon it any jurisdiction, these being matters for the Crown.
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