Jazz (TV series)

"Jazz: A Film By Ken Burns" is a documentary miniseries directed by Ken Burns.

"Jazz" is the last in a trilogy by Burns, following "The Civil War" and "Baseball". It was broadcast on PBS in 2001, and was released on DVD later that year by the same company.

The film concerns the history of jazz music in the USA, from its origins at the turn of the twentieth century through to the present day. It is narrated by Keith David, and features interviews with present-day musicians and critics such as trumpeter Wynton Marsalis (also the artistic director and co-producer of "Jazz") and noted critics Gary Giddins and Stanley Crouch. Music critic and African-American historian Gerald Early was also a consultant. "Jazz" is the longest jazz documentary yet produced, and it is rich in musical examples and classic, rare and unseen footage.

Visually, "Jazz" is very much in the same style as Ken Burns's previous works: panning and zooming shots of photographs are mixed with period movie sequences, accompanied by music of, and commentary on, the period being examined. Between these sequences, present-day jazz figures provide anecdotes and explain the defining features of the major musicians' styles. Duke Ellington's "Lazy Rhapsody" (1932) is a recurring motif at the opening and closing of individual episodes of the series.

The documentary focuses on a number of major musicians: Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington are the central figures, "providing the narrative thread around which the stories of other major figures turn", [Mark Gilbert, [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00005M6QI Amazon.co.uk] review] among them Sidney Bechet, Stan Levey, Count Basie, Benny Goodman, Billie Holiday, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and John Coltrane.

A number of companion CDs were released simultaneously.

Episodes

Each two-hour episode of the ten episodes of "Jazz" covers a different era:

Response and criticism

"Jazz" was nominated for several awards, including multiple Emmy Awards.

Positive reviews

Among the positive critics, Charles Paul Freund writes that "Jazz" "is filled with rewards, many of them proffered unintentionally ... Burns's documentary gifts are not visionary, analytical, nor even properly historical. Rather, he is a talented biographer, and his films are most effective when he is able to present an overarching narrative in terms of the biographical detail of that narrative's participants." [Charles Paul Freund, [http://reason.com/0103/cr.cf.epic.shtml "Epic Jazz"] , Reason magazine online, January 8, 2001] Jason Van Bergen declares, "The nearly 19 hours of documentary coverage contained in the "Jazz" series unravels like a fine wine" and due to the series' attention to detail, "a complete discussion of every episode in Ken Burns's "Jazz" would be better suited for a Master's Thesis" than to his brief review. Van Bergen sums up, writing, "Burns's encyclopedic rendering of the growth of jazz cannot be questioned. Followers of the music will need this set on their shelves; but perhaps slightly more surprisingly, serious students of American history may also require the set to supplement their versions of the past century." [Jason Van Bergen, [http://www.thecritics.org/movies/movie_review.asp?ID=17 "Ken Burns: Jazz"] , December 11, 2002]

Negative reviews

"Jazz" was heavily criticized, particularly within the jazz critical community. With a negative opinion, Jeffrey St. Clair writes, "Ken Burns's interminable documentary, "Jazz", starts with a wrong premise and degenerates from there ... Burns is a classicist, who is offended by the rawer sounds of the blues, its political dimension and inescapable class dynamic. Instead, Burns fixates on a particular kind of jazz music that appeals to his PBS sensibility: the swing era. It's a genre of jazz that enables Burns to throw around phrases such as 'Ellington is our Mozart.' He sees jazz as art form in the most culturally elitist sense, as being a museum piece, beautiful but dead, to be savored like a stroll through a gallery of paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood." [Jeffrey St. Clair, [http://www.gerryhemingway.com/jazzburn.html "Now, That's Not Jazz"] , February 28, 2001]

The main criticism of "Jazz" has been that while it covers thoroughly the origins and development of New Orleans jazz, swing music, bebop and hard bop, it ultimately spends very little time on more modern movements such as free jazz, avant-garde jazz or jazz fusion: only one episode is devoted to the development of jazz from c. 1960 to c. 2000, and even then it focuses mainly on musicians preserving the older styles of jazz. Gary Giddins's own views on modern jazz were not much mentioned (he has often championed "avant garde" players like Henry Threadgill, Cecil Taylor and David S. Ware). Hundreds of acclaimed, influential and successful artists such as Sun Ra, Albert Ayler, Anthony Braxton, Chick Corea, Jaco Pastorius, David Murray, Bill Evans, John Zorn, John McLaughlin, Jack DeJohnette, Joe Zawinul, Keith Jarrett, Gary Burton, Django Reinhardt, and many others received little if any attention.

Some otherwise positive reviews argue that, due to this fast-forwarding through several decades of the music's development, "Jazz" offered a warped or inaccurate picture of jazz since 1960. For example, critic David Adler writes that the first nine episodes, "Burns has done a respectable job of introducing pre-1960 jazz history to a wide audience. In Episode Ten, however, he gives viewers a disastrously skewed portrait of the creative lineage that has produced much of today's best jazz." [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/articles/arti0201_03.htm Adler, David R. "Ken Burns's "JAZZ": The Episode Ten Fiasco] , no publication date noted; URL accessed Jan 26, 2007]

Stu Vandermark's detailed review of "Jazz" contends that there were substantial factual errors in the documentary. Notably, Vandermark notes that "Jazz" repeats the debunked myth that jazz music was created in New Orleans; on the contrary, writes Vandermark, "no one really knows where jazz was born ... It is likely that the music evolved spontaneously in different cities around the U.S. wherever there were a few thousand black people making lives for themselves." [Stu Vandermark, "A Ken Burns's Jazz Post-Mortem"]

Compilation CDs

On 2000-11-07, 22 companion single-artist compilation albums, all titled "Ken Burns Jazz", were released by the Verve and Columbia/Legacy labels. A five CD box set titled "Ken Burns Jazz: The Story of America's Music" was also released, along with a single-CD sampler of that box set ("The Best of Ken Burns Jazz").

The following albums were released by Verve:
* Count Basie - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3iftxqt0ldhe link]
* Art Blakey - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:jifoxqt0ld6e link]
* John Coltrane - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3iftxqt0ldje link]
* Ella Fitzgerald - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:hifqxqt0ldje link]
* Dizzy Gillespie - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:hifexqt0ldhe link]
* Coleman Hawkins - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:jifuxqt0ld6e link]
* Billie Holiday - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kiftxqt0ldhe link]
* Charlie Parker - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:jifpxqt0ldje link]
* Sonny Rollins - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:kifpxqt0ldje link]
* Sarah Vaughan - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:wifyxqt0ldje link]
* Lester Young - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:wifrxqt0ldhe link]

The following albums were released by Columbia/Legacy:
* Louis Armstrong - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:difexqt0ldhe link]
* Sidney Bechet - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:hifoxqt0ld6e link]
* Dave Brubeck - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:0ifrxqt0ldhe link]
* Ornette Coleman - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:gifexqt0ldhe link]
* Miles Davis - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:difoxqt0ldhe link]
* Duke Ellington - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:gifqxqt0ldje link]
* Benny Goodman - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:fifpxqt0ldje link]
* Herbie Hancock - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:wifrxqt0ldje link]
* Fletcher Henderson - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:gifixqt0ld6e link]
* Charles Mingus - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:fifuxqt0ld6e link]
* Thelonious Monk - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:fifexqt0ldhe link]
* Various Artists - "The Best of Ken Burns Jazz" - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:3ifyxqr0ldke link]
* Various Artists - "Ken Burns Jazz: The Story of America's Music" - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:difwxqr0ldje link]

On 2002-04-02, Columbia released two low-priced box sets, each containing three of the previously released single-artist collections.
* "Ken Burns Jazz, Vol. 1" (Includes Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Benny Goodman compilations) - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:hnfqxqr0ld6e link]
* "Ken Burns Jazz, Vol. 2" (Includes Thelonious Monk, Miles Davis, and Dave Brubeck compilations) - All Music Guide [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:knfoxqe0ldfe link]

References

External links

* [http://www.pbs.org/kenburns Ken Burns] on PBS
* [http://www.pbs.org/jazz/ "JAZZ"] on PBS
*imdb title|id=0221300|title=Jazz