Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing

The Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing (originally published in 1980, and subsequently revised in 1985, 1990 and the latest edition in 1998) is a model of nursing care based upon activities of living. It is extremely prevalent in the United Kingdom, particularly in the public sector fact|date=August 2007. The model is named after the authors - Roper, Logan and Tierney.

Introduction

First developed in 1980 [cite book | author=Roper N., Logan W.W. & Tierney A.J.| title=The Elements of Nursing | publisher=Churchill Livingstone | year=1980 | id=ISBN 0-443-01577-5] , this model is based upon work by Nancy Roper in 1976. It is the most widely used nursing model in the United Kingdom and is particularly well used by nurses in medical and surgical settings. The model is based loosely upon the activities of daily living (ADLs) that are evolved from the work of Virginia Henderson in 1966. Whereas Henderson identified 14 activities that "people engage in, in order to live"Fact|date=August 2007, Roper et al only use 12.The latest book edited by these women, in 2001, is the ultimate work made by them. In this book they complete the work they have been made, with an upgrade of the model based on the new needs of the society.

Activities of living

The current model seeks to define 'what living means' (p15)cite book | author=Roper N., Logan W.W. & Tierney A.J. | title = The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing: Based on Activities of Living | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences | date = 2000 | location = Edinburgh | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJ21IkAZQQ4C| isbn = 0443063737 ] and it breaks it down into the following categories:

* Maintaining a safe environment
* Communication
* Breathing
* Eating and drinking
* Elimination
* Washing and dressing
* Controlling temperature
* Mobilisation
* Working and playing
* Expressing sexuality
* Sleeping
* Death and dying

These should be considered within the dependence-independence continuum.

The twelve activities of life are used in the initial assessment of a patient upon admission, and are reviewed as the patient's care plan evolves. To provide effective care, all of the patients needs (which are set out by investigating the patient's specific requirements relative to each activity) must be met as practicably as possible.

Factors influencing activities of living

The following factors that affect ALs are identified

*Biological
*Psychological
*Sociocultural
*Environmental
*Politicoeconomic

The life span continuum

The model also incorporates a life span continuum, where the individual passes from fully dependent at birth, to fully independent in the midlife, and returns to fully dependent in their old age/after death. Some researchers argue that the lifespan continuum begins at conception, others that it begins at birth.

Modifications

Within short-stay settings such as surgery it is common for the activities 'sexuality' and 'death' to be combined into one named 'other' and for the addition of an activity 'pain'. Such modifications are common and depend upon institution or the patient's preference.

ee also

* Activities of daily living
* Nursing
* Nursing theory

References