Historical Bible

Historical Bible

Bible in Middle Ages

The translation of the Bible started in France with "The Bible of the thirteenth century" or "Bible of the University" written around 1250. This book has been scarsely read as it is shown by the analysis by Samuel Berger. The fact is that the BXIII, whose Genesis is the ultimate book remaining, has been included in incomplete versions of the Historical Bible. The first complete Bible written in prose and in French is the Historical Bible written in 1294 by [http://fr.wikipedia.org/Guyart_des_Moulins Guyart des Moulins] .

If one may ask « "which Bible did folk read in french during Middle Ages " », we shall answer :

* That there is only one Bible in French, one "official" Bible, : the "Bible historiale" by Guyart des Moulins edited ca. 1294 and not yet publicated till today (for a quick glance to what it seems, see Xavier-Laurent Salvador, "Vérité et Ecriture(s)", Paris, Champion, 2005).

* that if the idea is commonly shared that Middle Ages are a "very christian" time, we always imagine that translation of the Bible is only the fact of the XVIth century or the work of an heretic or lonesome clerc during the early Middle Ages. However, beside the heretic bibles known as the Valdes "Noble Leçon", two "official translated bibles" were read by many french clercs inside the University in Paris between 1250 and 1494: the "bible of the thirteenth century" (BXIII) and the Historical Bible.

The Bible in France during Charlemagne kingdom

* Before the XIth century, the Bible is written in latin prose.
* The first correction of the Text is due to the work of Alcuin and Theodulf. The first one came in France in 796 from York with the Library his master gave him after he died.

Bibliography

*S. Berger :
** "La Bible romane au Moyen Âge : Bibles provençales, vaudoises, catalanes, italiennes, castillanes et portugaises, Genève, Slatkine Reprints (réimpression des articles extraits de Romania XVIII-XXVIII, 1889-1899)", 1977.
** "Histoire de la Vulgate pendant les premiers siècles du Moyen Âge", Paris, Hachette, 1893.
** "De l’histoire de la Vulgate en France. Leçon d’ouverture faite le 4 novembre 1887", Paris, Fischbacher, 1887.
** "Des Essais qui ont été faits à Paris au treizième siècle pour corriger le texte de la Vulgate", Paris, Fischbacher, 1887.
** "La Bible française au Moyen Âge : étude sur les plus anciennes versions de la Bible écrites en prose de langue d’oil, Genève, Slatkine Reprints (Fac Similé de l’édition originale Paris, 1884)", 1967.

*Guyart des Moulins
** "Bible historiale ou Bible française", édition de Jean de Rely, 1543.

*J. J. Rive (un élève de), "La Chasse aux antiquaires et bibliographes mal avisés", Londres, N. Aphobe, 1787.
*P. Paris, Les Manuscrits français de la bibliothèque du roi, Paris, Techener, place du Louvre, 1836, I-VII.
*M. Quereuil [dir.] , "La Bible française du XIIIe siècle, édition critique de la Genèse", Genève, Droz, « Publications Romanes et Françaises », 1988.

* X.-L. Salvador
** "Vérité et écriture(s)"¸Paris, Champion, 2005 (avec une édition critique du Livre de la Genèse de la Bible Historiale mentionnant les emprunts à Comestor et les citations de la Glossa)
** « L’utilisation du pont dans la théologie chrétienne médiévale », "Les Ponts au Moyen Âge", Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 2005.
** « La Réécriture argumentative impliquée par la traduction du livre de la Genèse : l'exemple des énoncés car q dans "The Medieval translator, the Theory and practice of translation in the middle ages", R. Ellis [ed.] , Paris, Brepols, 2005.
** « L’Enceinte sacrée des traductions vulgaires de la Bible au Moyen Âge », "La Clôture – Actes du colloque qui s’est déroulé à Bologne et à Florence les 8, 9 et 10 mai 2003", Préface de Claude Thomasset, textes réunis par Xavier-Laurent Salvador, Bologna, Clueb, 2005.
** « L’exemple de "derechief" dans la traduction de la Bible historiale », "Actes des XIe journée d’ancien et de moyen français (Anvers 2005)", en cours de publication.
** « Une Autre définition de l’étymologie : dire le Vrai dans la Bible au Moyen Âge », "Mélanges en l’honneur de Claude Thomasset", Paris, Presses universitaires de Paris-Sorbonne, 2003.
** « Les "Biblismes", un système de définition original du lexique dans le discours pédagogique de la Bible Historiale », dans Lessicologia e lessicografia nella storia degli insegnamenti linguistici, Quaderni del Cirsil - 2 (2003), 14-15 novembre 2003, Bologna, http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000931/.
** « Des Coffres hébraïques aux bougettes françaises, La translation du sacré à travers les traductions médiévales de la Bible », Coffres et contenants au Moyen Âge, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, en cours de parution.

*F. Vieillard, « Compte rendu de l’édition de la Bible du XIIIe », Romania, n°109, p. 131-137.


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