Strophariaceae

Taxobox
name = Strophariaceae


image_caption = Wavy cap, "Psilocybe cyanescens"
regnum = Fungi
divisio = Basidiomycota
classis = Agaricomycetes
ordo = Agaricales
familia = Strophariaceae
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = "Flammulaster" "Hypholoma" "Kuehneromyces" "Melanotus" "Pachylepyrium" "Phaeogalera" "Phaeomarasmius" "Pholiota" "Pleuroflammula" "Psilocybe" "Stropharia"The Strophariaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The species of Strophariaceae have a red-brown to dark brown spore print, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter.

Genera

* The genus "Stropharia", is mainly a medium to large agaric with a distinct membranous annulus. Spore print-color is generally medium to dark purple-brown, except for a few species that have rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this groups as presently delimited is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of "Stropharia" are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hyphae that make up the rhizoids at the base of the mushroom.

*The genus "Hypholoma" (formerly "Naematoloma"), is mainly a saprobe on wood and often grows in caespitose clusters. Spore print varies from medium brown to purple brown. These species all share a subcutaneous layer of inflated cells.

*The genus "Pholiota" is characterized by a dull brown to cinnamon brown spore print. A well-known edible species is the Japanese Nameko mushroom ("Pholiota nameko")

*The genus "Psilocybe" is well-known for its psychedelic mushrooms, such as "Psilocybe cubensis". The blue-staining hallucinogenic species of "Psilocybe" and the non-bluing species of this genus are not directly related to one another, making this genus polyphyletic. Unlike most groups within the Strophariaceae, "Psilocybe" do not have chrysocystidia on the surface of their lamellae.

External links

* [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/strophariaceae.html MushroomExpert.com - Taxonomy in Transition: The Strophariaceae]
* [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/stropharia.html MushroomExpert.com - Stropharia and Psilocybe]
* [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hypholoma.html MushroomExpert.com - The Genus Hypholoma]