HMS Highflyer (1898)

HMS "Highflyer" was the lead ship of the "Highflyer" class cruiser which served with the Royal Navy. She was built at the yards of Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan, being laid down in June 1897, launched on 4 June 1898 and commissioned on 7 December 1899.

Career

Pre-1914

Like her sisters she was a development of the earlier "Eclipse" class with an uprated 6 inch main armament, water tube boilers and slightly more powerful engines. She carried out trials for the new Belleville boilers. From November 1902 to March 1903 "Highflyer" was commanded by Captain Arthur H. Christian as the flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Drury, was at the head of the squadron of six ships which took part in the Somaliland Campaign in various coastal capacities. The ships assisted in landing troops and stores, in transport work, and in the prevention of delivery of munitions to the enemy. Three officers attached to "Highflyer" were landed, and assisted the progress of the campaign with a wireless telegraphy apparatus.

Wartime service

In the year before the start of the war, she had been serving as the training ship for Special Entry Cadets, but in August 1914 she was allocated to the 9th Cruiser Squadron, under Admiral John de Robeck, on the Finisterre station. She left Plymouth on 4 August, in the company of the admiral on HMS "Vindictive". They then captured the liner "Tubantia", which was carrying German reservists and gold. "Highflyer" escorted her to Britain, before returning to her station.

She was then transferred to the Cape Verde station, to support Admiral Stoddart’s 5th Cruiser Squadron in the hunt for the German commerce raider "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse". She had been sighted at Rio de Oro, a Spanish anchorage on the Saharan coast. On 26 August "Highflyer" found the German ship taking on coal from three colliers. The "Highflyer" demanded that she surrender. The captain of the "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse" claimed the protection of neutral waters, but as he was breaking that neutrality himself by taking on coal and supplies for more than a week, his claim was denied. Fighting broke out at 3.10pm, and lasted until 4.45pm, when the crew of the "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse" abandoned ship and escaped to the shore. The "Kaiser Wilhelm de Grosse" was sunk, the "Highflyer" losing one man killed, and six injured in the engagement.

On 15 October "Highflyer" briefly became the flagship of the Cape Verde station, when Admiral Stoddard was ordered to Pernambuco. Later in the same month she was ordered to accompany the transport ships carrying the Cape garrison back to Britain. Towards the end of the month she was ordered to search the Atlantic coast of North Africa for the cruiser SMS "Karlsruhe".

After the Battle of Coronel "Highflyer" came back under the control of Admiral de Robeck, as part of a squadron formed to guard West Africa against Admiral Maximilian von Spee. This squadron, consisting of HMS "Warrior", HMS "Black Prince", HMS "Donegal" and "Highflyer" was in place off Sierra Leone from 12 November, but was soon dispersed after the battle of the Falklands. "Highflyer" then took part in the search for the commerce raider "Kronprinz Wilhelm", coming close to catching her in January 1915. She remained on the West Africa station until 1917, making up part of the Cape Verde division.

In 1917 she was transferred to the West Indies and North America Squadron. This was the period of unrestricted submarine warfare, and it was eventually decided to operate a convoy system in the North Atlantic. On 10 July 1917 HMS "Highflyer" provided the escort for convoy HS 1, the first convoy to sail from Canada to Britain. She was at Halifax for the Halifax Explosion on 6 December 1917, and assisted rescue efforts in the aftermath.

She survived to become the last Victorian cruiser in service with the Royal Navy, remaining in commission until 1921 as flagship of the East Indies station in Bombay when she was sold there for scrap on 10 June of that year.

References

*Colledge
*Jane's Fighting Ships of World War One (1919), Jane's Publishing Company
* [http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/light-cruiser/hms-Highflyer.html Highflyer class in World War I]
* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_HMS_Highflyer.html History of HMS Highflyer]
* [http://www.worldnavalships.com/hermes_class1.htm#HMS%20Highflyer HMS Highflyer]