Solenopsis molesta

Solenopsis molesta, also known as thief ants, get their names because they often raid other ants’ nests for food and to steal eggs. They are also called grease ants because they are attracted to grease.

Taxobox
name = Thief Ant
status = secure
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insectaa
ordo = Hymenoptera
subordo = Apocrita
superfamilia = Vespoidea
familia = Formicidae
subfamilia = Myrmicinae
tribus = Solenopsidini
genus = "Solenopsis"
species = "Solenopsis molesta"
binomial = "Solenopsis richteri"
binomial_authority = Buren, 1972

Appearance

"S. molesta" range anywhere from 1/32 (0.5 mm) of an inch to 1/8 (3 mm) of an inch long. They can be yellowish or brownish tones of color. These ants have a two-segmented petiole connecting their abdomen to the thorax. They have 10 segments in their antennae, which end in large segmented clubs. Thief ants have small stingers on their oblong abdomen, and generally have small eyes. Worker ants have large jaws for carrying food back to the colony.

Distribution

"S. molesta" are native to the United States. They can more commonly be found in the central states and the east coast.

Habitat

The habitat of "Solenopsis molesta" is infinite, because they can survive just about anywhere. They can live in people’s homes, in the cracks or under the floorboards. They can build nests anywhere, such as under rocks, in any exposed soil, and rotting logs. If they cannot find any of these things, then they move into another colony. Their nests are generally large for the ants’ size, and have tunnels that lead to another ant colony for a reliable and steady food source.

Behavior

Colonies of "S. molesta" usually have anywhere from a few hundred to a few thousand workers. Colonies have multiple queens. The amount of thief ants in a colony depends on the location. Colonies with a reliable and ready food source don’t have as many workers because food is not hard to get. Since this species of ants are so small, they can colonize just about anywhere. They can live in people’s homes without them ever knowing that they have an infestation of tiny ants. "Solenopsis molesta" are common in homes, and due to their small size they can easily enter sealed packages of food. Other thief ant colonies are inside other ant colonies. They then eat the food and sometimes larva of the host ants. They will eat just about anything, including dead animals, and will travel great distances in search for food. Once food has been found, a trail is formed from the colony to the food so the other thief ant workers can find it.

Mating

"S. molesta" queens are bigger than the workers, being four to five millimeters long. Mating takes place from July to late fall. Both the queens and "S. molesta" drones have wings, and mating takes place while flying. Queens sometimes fly with a worker or two clinging to their bodies, presumably to help out right away when the queen finds a suitable place for a colony. Queens can lay anywhere from 27 and 387 eggs per day. The average number of eggs laid per day is 105. It takes about 52 days for an egg to become a fully mobile worker. Young "Solenopsis molesta" spends about 21 days in the larval stage when the weather is suitable.

Diet

"S. molesta" are attracted to foods with a lot of protein in it, such as grease. They eat grease whenever they find it, which is why they are sometimes called grease ants. They also eat meat, cheese and other dairy products, and seeds. They also eat larvae and pupae of other ant species. Thief ants do not appear to be attracted to sweets, unlike most other ants. They will, however, eat honeydew melons.

Problems

"Solenopsis molesta" can be troublesome when they get into human dwellings. It is extremely hard to find these ants, due to their inaccessible and remote nesting areas and their extremely small size. They are also not always present outside their colony, and travel far to find food. Also, they are so small they can get into things that other insects can’t get into. The easiest way to locate a colony is to look for trails of ants. It is also hard to get rid of a "S. molesta" infestation because they are not attracted to common ant traps. One of the most common ways to get rid of the ants is to put oil or grease in the middle of the ant trap. However, this is a hit-or-miss method, because too little grease will not attract the ants, and too much will limit the effectiveness of the trap. The ants also appear to be resistant to most insecticides. Solenopsis molesta are sometimes mistaken for the pharaoh ant, because there are similarities between the two. They are both around the same size, but there are differences. Pharaoh ants have black markings on their abdomen, and can be red.

ources

* http://cals.arizona.edu/urbanipm/insects/ants/thiefants.html
* http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/ants/thief.cfm
* http://lancaster.unl.edu/pest/ants/ThiefAnt.shtml
* http://www.terminix.com/information/pestlibrary/index.cfm?fuseaction=category&pestCategory=ants&pestID=44
* http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Solenopsis_molesta.html#Solenopsis%20molesta