13th century in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the century 1200 - 1299 to Wales and its people.

Princes of Wales

*Llywelyn the Great (c.1218-1240)
*Dafydd ap Llywelyn (1240-1246)
*Llywelyn the Last (c.1246-1282)

Princesses of Wales

*Joan, Lady of Wales (c.1218-1237)
*Eleanor de Montfort (1278-1282)

Events

1201
*Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd, takes Eifionydd and Llŷn from Maredudd ap Cynan on a charge of treachery.
*July - Llywelyn makes a treaty with King John of England.1202
*August - Llywelyn the Great attacks Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys.1205
*"probable" - Llywelyn the Great marries Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England. 1206
*King John gives Skenfrith Castle, Grosmont Castle and White Castle to William de Braose, 7th Baron Abergavenny.1208
*Gwenwynwyn ab Owain is arrested by King John of England.1213
*Llywelyn the Great takes the castles of Deganwy and Rhuddlan.1216
*Llywelyn the Great holds a council at Aberdyfi to adjudicate on the territorial claims of the lesser princes of Wales.1220
*King Henry III of England recognises Dafydd ap Llywelyn as the heir of Llywelyn the Great.1222
*Reginald de Braose, 9th Baron Abergavenny, marries Gwladus Ddu.
*Llywelyn the Great petitions Pope Honorius II to confirm the succession of his legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn.
*Elen ferch Llywelyn marries John the Scot, Earl of Chester.1223
*William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, retaliates against Llywelyn the Great, recovering Pembroke.1226
*Pope Honorius III legitimizes Joan, Lady of Wales, at the request of her husband, Llywelyn the Great.
*Regents of King Henry III of England order William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, to surrender the castles of Cardigan and Carmarthen.1229
*King Henry III of England accepts the homage of Dafydd ap Llywelyn for the lands he will inherit from his father, Llywelyn the Great.1230
*Easter - William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny, during a visit to Llywelyn the Great, is found in the bedchamber of Llywelyn's wife Joan. De Braose is hanged and Joan is placed under house arrest.1234
*January - Llywelyn the Great, in alliance with Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, takes Shrewsbury.
*June 21 - Peace of Middle ends hostilities between Llywelyn the Great and the English Crown.1238
*At Strata Florida Abbey, Welsh princes swear fealty to Dafydd ap Llywelyn as heir to Llywelyn the Great.1241
*King Henry III of England invades Gwynedd.
*Dafydd ap Llywelyn hands over his half-brother, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, to King Henry III for imprisonment in the Tower of London.1245
*King Henry III of England invades Gwynedd and builds a castle at Deganwy.1247
*April - Llywelyn the Last and his brother Owain Goch ap Gruffydd come to terms with King Henry III of England at Woodstock.1255
*June - Llywelyn the Last defeats his brothers Dafydd ap Gruffydd and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd at the Battle of Bryn Derwin.1256
*November - Llywelyn the Last crosses the River Conwy to take control of Gwynedd Is Conwy. With him is his brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd, who has been released from captivity.1257
*June - A Norman army, sent to reclaim the lands taken from Rhys Fychan by his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys Grug, is defeated by Llywelyn the Last.1258
*Llywelyn the Last begins using the title "Prince of Wales".1263
*Dafydd ap Gruffydd enters an alliance with King Edward I of England.1265
*June 22 - Treaty of Pipton establishes an alliance between Llywelyn the Last and Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.1267
*Under the terms of the Treaty of Montgomery, King Henry III of England recognises Llywelyn the Last as Prince of Wales.1268
*Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, refuses to obey the King's summons to parliament, alleging that, his Welsh estates needed his presence for their defence against Llewelyn the Last.
*Work begins on Caerphilly Castle.1272
*English bishops Godfrey Giffard and Roger de Meyland negotiate with Llywelyn the Last.1274
*Dafydd ap Gruffydd allies himself with King Edward I of England, and conspires with Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn to assassinate Dafydd's brother Llywelyn.1275
*Following her mother's death, Eleanor de Montfort begins her journey to Wales by sea for her marriage with Llywelyn the Last. She is captured by "pirates" and taken prisoner by King Edward I of England.1276
*King Edward I of England declares Llewelyn the Last a rebel and marches on Wales.1277
*June 24 - Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, convenes an army of Marcher lords at Worcester.
*Treaty of Aberconwy is signed by Edward I of England and Llywelyn the Last.
*Llywelyn the Last releases his elder brother, Owain Goch ap Gruffydd, from captivity.1282
*Palm Sunday - Dafydd ap Gruffydd attacks Hawarden Castle.
*Archbishop John Peckham unsuccessfully attempts to inteceded between King Edward I of England and Llywelyn the Last.1283
*June - Dafydd ap Gruffydd is captured by King Edward I of England.1284
*August - King Edward I of England holds court at Garth Celyn.1285
*May - The Cross of Neith, an important religious relic acquired from Wales, is carried through London at the head of a royal procession.1294
*Madog ap Llywelyn leads a rebellion against King Edward I of England, claiming the title "Prince of Wales".

Books

*Cadwgan of Llandyfai - "De modo confitendi"

Births

1222
*August 4 - Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford (d. 1262)1282
*June - Gwenllian, only child of Llywelyn the Last and Eleanor de Montfort (d. 1337)

Deaths

1200
*Gruffudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Welsh prince1201
*July 25 - Gruffydd ap Rhys II, Prince of Deheubarth1203
*May - Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, deposed Prince of Gwynedd1209
*"probable" - Walter Map, writer1211
*August 9 - William de Braose, 7th Baron Abergavenny1212
*"date unknown"
**Maredudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Welsh prince
**Robert of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bangor1214
*August 19 - Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, Marcher lord1215
*November - Giles de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny and Bishop of Hereford1218
*November 12 - Henry de Abergavenny, Bishop of Llandaff1219
*May 14 - William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke1223
*"probable" - Gerald of Wales, chronicler1228
*June - Reginald de Braose, 9th Baron Abergavenny1230
*May 2 - William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny (executed)
*"date unknown" - Maelgwn ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth1231
*April 6 - William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke1232
*July 18 - John de Braose, Lord of Bramber and Gower1234
*April 16 - Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
*"date unknown" - Rhys Gryg, Prince of Deheubarth1236
*"date unknown" - Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor, founder of Valle Crucis Abbey1237
*February 2 - Joan, wife of Llywelyn the Great
*June 6 - John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, son-in-law of Llywelyn the Great1240
*April 11 - Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales1241
*April 11 - Cadwgan of Llandyfai, Bishop of Bangor
*"date unknown" - John Fitzalan, Lord of Oswestry1244
*March 1 - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great (fell to his death in an attempt to escape from the Tower of London)1245
*December 23 - Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke1246
*February 25 - Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of Wales
*August 6 - Ralph de Mortimer, Marcher lord
*"date unknown" - Ednyfed Fychan, seneschal of Llywelyn the Great1251
*"date unknown" - Gwladus Ddu, daughter of Llywelyn the Great1253
*"date unknown" - Elen ferch Llywelyn, daughter of Llywelyn the Great by Joan1269
*"date unknown" - Gruffydd II ap Madog, Lord of Dinas Bran1282
*June 19 - Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales (in childbirth)
*December 11 - Llywelyn the Last, Prince of Wales (killed in battle)1283
*October 3 - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Gwynedd (executed)1295
*December 7 - Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford1294
*January 17 - Sir Roger de Puleston, Sheriff of Anglesey (lynched by a mob in Caernarfon) 1296
*May - William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke1298
*December 31 - Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford