Bollingen Foundation

In 1945, Paul Mellon and his wife Mary Conover Mellon provided funding for the Bollingen Foundation, which they named for Carl Jung's country home in Bollingen, Switzerland; the Foundation became inactive in 1968. Initially the foundation was dedicated to the dissemination of Jung's work, which was a particular interest of Mary Conover Mellon.McGuire, William (1982). "Bollingen: An Adventure in Collecting the Past" (Princeton University Press:Bollingen Series, New Jersey). ] Bender, Thomas (1982). [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E2D81439F937A25752C1A964948260 "With Love and Money,"] review of "Bollingen: An Adventure in Collecting the Past" in "The New York Times" November 14, 1982. Online version retrieved November 10, 2007.] The Bollingen Series of books that it sponsored now includes more than 250 related volumes. [http://press.princeton.edu/catalogs/series/bs.html "Bollingen Series (General),"] webpage maintained by Princeton University Press. Retrieved November 10, 2007.]

The Bollingen Foundation also awarded more than 300 fellowships. [McGuire, pp. 311-328. McGuire gives a complete, alphabetical list of the Fellows including the year of the Fellowship and a condensed description of the project.] These fellowships were an important, continuing source of funding for the poets Alexis Leger and Marianne Moore and for the artist Isamu Noguchi, among many others. The Foundation also sponsored the A.W. Mellon Lectures at the National Gallery of Art.

In 1948, the foundation donated $10,000 to the Library of Congress to be used toward a $1000 Bollingen Prize for the best poetry each year. The Library of Congress fellows, who in that year included T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden and Conrad Aiken, gave the 1949 prize to Ezra Pound for his 1948 "Pisan Cantos". [http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/bollingen/ "The Bollingen Prize for Poetry at Yale,"] webpage maintained by Yale University. Retrieved Nov. 9, 2007.] Their choice was highly controversial, in particular because of Pound's Fascist and anti-Semitic politics. Following the publication of two highly negative articles by Robert Hillyer in the "Saturday Review of Literature", the United States Congress passed a resolution that effectively discontinued the involvement of the Library of Congress with the prize. The remaining funds were returned to the Foundation. [McGuire, William (1988). [http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/pound-bollingen.html "Ezra Pound and Bollingen Prize controversy,"] in "Poetry's Catbird Seat (the consultantship in poetry in the English language at the Library of Congress, 1937-1987)" (Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.). ISBN 0-8444-0586-8 . Online version retrieved November 10, 2007.] In 1950, the Bollingen Prize was continued under the auspices of the Yale University Library, which awarded the 1950 prize to Wallace Stevens.

In 1968, the Foundation became inactive. It was largely subsumed into the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, which continued funding of the Bollingen Prize. The Bollingen Series was given to Princeton University Press to carry on and complete. Over its lifetime, the Bollingen Foundation had expended about $20 million. As Thomas Bender has written, quote|"When Paul Mellon decided in 1963 to dissolve the Bollingen Foundation, he said that the founding generation was reaching the age of retirement, and it would be hard for others to maintain the original mission and standards. What he might have said was that the Bollingen Foundation was the work of a single generation. For two decades its concerns had been at the center of Western intellectual life, but the 1960's saw a shift in the cultural preoccupations and critical concerns of intellect in the United States and Europe."

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