Paratachardina pseudolobata

Taxobox
name = "Paratachardina pseudolobata"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Homoptera
subordo = Sternorrhyncha
superfamilia = Coccoidea
familia = Kerriidae
genus = "Paratachardina"
species = "P. pseudolobata"
binomial = "Paratachardina pseudolobata"
binomial_authority = Kondo & Gullan

"Paratachardina pseudolobata", the lobate lac scale, is a polyphagous and pestiferous scale insect, which damages trees and woody shrubs in Cuba, Florida, the Bahamas and the Australian territory of Christmas Island, and has been identified mistakenly as "Paratachardina lobata" Chamberlin, an insect native to India and Sri Lanka. Recently, it has been recognized as a new species and named "Paratachardina pseudolobata". The lobate lac scale is described based on all stages of the female (adult, second-instar nymph and first-instar nymph) and revised all the species included in the genus "Paratachardina" Balachowsky.

Biology

The lobate lac insect is known to feed on more than 300 plant species. "Paratachardina pseudolobata" reproduces parthenogenetically, in contrast with the morphologically similar "P. lobata", which reproduces sexually.

References

* Balachowsky, A.S. (1950) Sur deux Tachardina Ckll. (Coccoidea-Lacciferinae) nouveaux du Sahara Central. [Contribution à l'étude des Coccoidea du Nord Africain, 28e note.] (In French). EOS 26, 7–17.
* Ben-Dov, Y. (2006) A systematic catalogue of eight scale insect families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 368 pp.
* Chamberlin, J.C. (1923) A systematic monograph of the Tachardiinae or lac insects (Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 147–212.
* Chamberlin, J.C. (1925) Supplement to a monograph of the Lacciferidae (Tachardiinae) or lac insects (Homopt. Coccidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16, 31–41.
* Green, E.E. (1922) The Coccidae of Ceylon, Part V. Dulau & Co., London, 472 pp.
* Green, E.E. & Mann, H.H. (1907) The Coccidae attacking the tea plant in India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Entomological Series, 1, 337–355.
* [http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/paratachardina.html Hamon, A.B. & Hodges, G. (2002) Pest Alert. Lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Kerriidae). (10 December 2006).]
* Howard, F.W., Pemberton, R., Hamon, A., Hodges, G.S., Steinberg, B., Mannion, C.M., McLean, D. & Wofford, J. (2004) Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kerriidae). Bulletin (University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service) EENY-276.
* Howard, F.W., Pemberton, R.W., Hodges, G.S., Steinberg, B., McLean, D. & Liu, H. (2006) Host plant range of lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata, in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 119, 398–408.
* Kapur, A.P. (1958) A Catalogue of the Lac Insects (Lacciferidae, Hemiptera). Lac Cess Commission, Ranchi, India, 47 pp.
* Kondo, T. & Gullan, P.J. (2007) Taxonomic review of the lac insect genus Paratachardina Balachowsky (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), with a revised key to genera of Kerriidae and description of two new species. Zootaxa 1617: 1-41.
* MacGillivray, A.D. (1921) The Coccidae. Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and Some of the More Important Genera and Species, together with Discussions of their Anatomy and Life History. Scarab, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A., 502 pp.
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* Mannion, C., Howard, F., Hodges, G. & Hodges, A. (2005) Lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin). Regional IPM center pest alert. Available from: http://ncipmc.org/lobatelacscale/ (August 18, 2005).
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* Pemberton, R.W. (2003). Invasion of Paratachardina lobata lobata (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) in South Florida: A snapshot sample of an infestation in a residential yard. Florida Entomologist, 86, 373–377.
* Pemberton, R.W., Nguyen, R., Winotai, A. & Howard, F.W. (2006) Host acceptance trials of Kerria lacca (Kerriidae) parasitoids from northern Thailand on the pest lobate lac scale (Paratachardina lobata) (Kerriidae). Florida Entomologist, 89, 336–339.
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* Varshney, R.K. & Teotia, T.P.S. (1968) A supplementary list of the host-plant of lac insects. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 64, 488–511.
* Wang, T.C. (1986) [A new species of Paratachardina Balachowsky (Homoptera: Coccoidea).] [In Chinese; Summary In English] . Acta Entomologica Sinica, 29(2), 196–198.
* Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. (1990) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. CAB International Institute of Entomology, London, 267 pp.