Zamia furfuracea

Taxobox
name = "Zamia furfuracea"

---

image_width = 240px
status = VU
status_system = IUCN3.1
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Cycadophyta
classis = Cycadopsida
ordo = Cycadales
familia = Zamiaceae
genus = "Zamia"
species = "Z. furfuracea"
binomial = "Zamia furfuracea"
binomial_authority = L.f. in Aiton
synonyms ="Palmifolium furfuraceum" Kuntze

"Zamia furfuracea" is a cycad native to southeastern Veracruz state in eastern Mexico. Although not a palmtree (Arecaceae), its growth habit is superficially similar to a palm; therefore it is commonly known as "Cardboard Palm" but the alternate name Cardboard Cycad is preferrable. Other names include Cardboard Plant, Cardboard Sago, Jamaican Sago and Mexican Cycad (from Mexican Spanish "Cícada Mexicana"). The plant's binomial name comes from the Latin "zamia", for "pine nut", and "furfuracea", meaning "mealy" or "scurfy".

Description and ecology

The plant has a short, sometimes subterranean trunk up to 20 cm broad and high, usually marked with scars from old leaf bases. It grows very slowly when young, but its growth accelerates after the trunk matures. Including the leaves, the whole plant typically grows to 1.3 m tall with a width of about 2 m.

The leaves radiate from the center of the trunk; each leaf is 50-150 cm long with a petiole 15-30 cm long, and 6-12 pairs of extremely stiff, pubescent (fuzzy) green leaflets. These leaflets grow 8-20 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Occasionally, the leaflets are toothed toward the tips. The circular crowns of leaves resemble fern or palm fronds. They are erect in full sun, horizontal in shade.

This plant produces a rusty-brown cone in the center of the female plant. The egg-shaped female (seed-producing) cones and smaller male (pollen-producing) cone clusters are produced on separate plants. Pollination is by certain insects, namely the belid weevil "Rhopalotria mollis".

Cardboard Cycad plant can only be reproduced by the fleshy, brightly crimson-colored seeds produced by the female plants. The germination process is very slow and difficult to achieve in cultivation; as a result, many plants sold for horticultural use are illegally collected in the wild, leading to the species being classified as Vulnerable.

This plant is easy to care for and grows best in moist, well-drained soil. They do well in full sun or shade, but not in constant deep shade. They are fairly salt- and drought-tolerant, but should be protected from extreme cold. They should occasionally be fed with palm food. After "Cycas revoluta", this is probably the most popular cycad species in cultivation. In temperate regions it is commonly grown as a houseplant and, in subtropical areas, as a container or bedding plant outdoors.

All parts of the plant are poisonous to animals and humans. The toxicity causes liver and kidney failure, as well as eventual paralysis. Dehydration sets in very quickly. No treatment for the poisoning is currently known.

References

* Listed as Vulnerable (VU A2acd v3.1)
* [http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?taxname=Zamia+furfuracea The Cycad Pages: "Zamia furfuracea"]
* [http://www.bihrmann.com/caudiciforms/subs/zam-fur-sub.asp "Zamia furfuracea"]
* [http://www.floridata.com/ref/Z/zami_fur.cfm "Zamia furfuracea"]
* [http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/ZAMFURA.PDF "Zamia furfuracea"]