Bikrama Singh

= Bikrama Singh of Kapurthala =

Kanwar Sri Bikrama Singh Bahadur (1835-1887) was a 19th-century Sikh leader.

Early life and Political Contribution

Born in Kapurthala as the second son of Raja Nihal Singh of Kapurthala (from his second Rani, the legendary philanthropist Mai Hiran), he was one of the main progenitors of the 19th Century Sikh Renaissance, being one of the founders of the Singh Sabha Movement aimed at a revival of the Gurudwaras as centres of worship and learning which ultimately culminated in the Gurudwara Reform movement and led to the liberation of the Gurudwaras from the clutches of the hereditary Mahants. [A History of the Sikhs by Khushwant Singh, Volume-II : 1939-1974, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1962, Page-141] [The Singh Sabha and Other Socio-Religious Movements in The Punjab (1850-1925), Punjabi University, Patiala, 1997, Page-29,46] [The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371]

He was also one of the supporters of the claims of Maharaja Duleep Singh of the Punjab, the son of the Great Maharaja Ranjit Singh and, along with the Sandhawalia Sardars, sought to muster support for Duleep Singh amongst the Sikh Sardars of the erstwhile Lahore Durbar.

As patron of the Arts and Builder

He founded the Khalsa Press Lahore [The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371] as well as the "Khalsa Akhbar", the first journal for the Sikhs. [The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371]

He was well versed in Persian, Sanskrit, and Punjabi and a very eminent musicologist a great proponent of Modern Learning and of women's education, he was the Author of "Upma Sar Granth". [The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371]

He was instrumental in saving the lives of the royal musicians at the Mughal Court of Delhi during the Indian Rebellion of 1857; he gave them shelter at his court in Kapurthala, thus laying the foundation of the Kapurthala Gharana of Hindustani Classical Music. [ [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/24502366.cms Musical spotlight on Kapurthala’s heritage-Chandigarh-Cities-The Times of India ] ] [ [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/windows/main1.htm The Tribune - Magazine section - Windows ] ]

Bikrama Singh had constructed, as his personal residence, the first French inspired building in Kapurthala, the Elysee Palace. (His example was later followed by the francophile Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, who constructed the famous French inspired Jagatjit Palace at Kapurthala). When he relocated to Jullunder, he built for himself another residence, Bikram Hall; it has since been demolished, though the grounds, now referred to as Bikrampura, still bear his name.

Dispute with the Raja of Kapurthala

His father Raja Nihal Singh wanted him to succeed to the throne but this was opposed by the British. His father's will, which entitled him to inherit large estates, was challenged by his brother, Raja Randhir Singh. After long litigation, a settlement was arrived at by which Bikrama Singh was given a pension by the state; under the terms of this settlement, Bikrama Singh left Kapurthala to settle in Jullunder. [Chief and Families of Note in The Punjab, Volume-II, Lahore-1910, Page-421] [Raja of The Punjab by Sir, Lepel Henry Griffin, Lahore-1870, Pages: 552-575]

ettlement of Estates through the Bikrama Singh Estates Act

He was the joint owner of the Kapurthala Estate in Awadh, Uttar Pradesh. When he sought a partition of this Estate his brother, Raja Randhir Singh opted to keep the Estate undivided and, instead, chose to compensate Bikrama Singh. A settled amount was deposited into a Trust which was used to procure a fresh Estate for Bikrama Singh. The lands finally vested in Bikrama Singh in the districts of Sitapur and Rae Bareli in the United Provinces (present day Uttar Pradesh) were formalized by the central government through the Bikrama Singh Estates Act 1883 (an unrepealed Act of the Government of India). [Chief and Families of Note in The Punjab, Volume-II, Lahore-1910, Page-421] [ [http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt2.htm (b) ] ]

He died at Jullunder on 8 May 1887.

References

*1. A History of the Sikhs by Khushwant Singh, Volume-II : 1939-1974, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1962, Page-141
* 2. The Singh Sabha and Other Socio-Religious Movements in The Punjab (1850-1925), Punjabi University, Patiala, 1997, Page-29,46
* 3. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371
*4. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371
*5. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371
*6. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala, Page-371
*7. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/24502366.cms
*8. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/windows/main1.htm
*9. Chief and Families of Note in The Punjab, Volume-II, Lahore-1910, Page-421
*10. The Raja of The Punjab by Sir, Lepel Henry Griffin, Lahore-1870, Pages: 552-575
*11. Chief and Families of Note in The Punjab, Volume-II, Lahore-1910, Page-421
*12. http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_kpt2.htm

*Bikrama Singh Estates Act (Act 4 of 1882) Government of India
*Grewal – The Singh Sabha Movement
*Kapurthala Heritage Foundation – Kapurthala Gharana
*Rajkumari Anita Singh – Kapurthala Gharana
*Hardev Singh Shergil – Singh Sabha International (in Sikh Bulletin)