Panna Maria, Texas

Panna Maria, Texas

Panna Maria (Polish for "Virgin Mary") is a small unincorporated town in Karnes County, Texas, United States. It is the oldest Polish settlement in the United States. A Franciscan missionary, Father Leopold Moczygemba, started recruiting Polish immigrants in 1852, and the town was settled on Christmas Eve, 1854.

According to The Handbook of Texas Online, the town's identity as an insular Polish enclave was sealed by four factors:
#bypass by the railroad,
#Union sympathy (Settlers were also unionist and were occasionally massacred in Texas during this period)
#Polish Resurrectionist priests arrived from Europe
#a sisterhood of Polish teaching nuns was established

External links

* [http://www.pannamariatexas.com/ Official website of Panna Maria, Texas]
* [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/PP/hlp4.html Description in Texas Online]
* [http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/PM/PM.html Overview in info-poland.buffalo.edu - part 1] , [http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/PM/on.html Part 2]
*Gnis|1364749|Panna Maria


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