Federation credit

The Federation Credit is the basic monetary unit of the United Federation of Planets in the fictional "Star Trek" series.

It has been said in episodes like the ' episode "The Neutral Zone" and movies like ' that the economy of the Federation is quite unlike the economics of the 20th and 21st centuries - almost unrecognizably so. There is no poverty and no hunger, and the pursuit of money is not a driving force in society. According to Tom Paris in the "" episode Dark Frontier a "New World Economy" began to take hold on Earth and throughout the Federation in the late 22nd century, and eventually made money obsolete. He even mentions that in the 24th century, Fort Knox is a museum, apparently to money and capitalism.

In the United Federation of Planets, Replicators and other advanced technologies provide for virtually all basic material wants and needs equally and sufficiently to all. Every citizen of the Federation has plenty of food of virtually any type they want, clothes, shelter, recreational and luxury items, and has all their basic material needs easily met. A society based around self-improvement and collectively improving the human race instead of cutthroat competition, combined with heavy automation, means labor is essentially free and menial tasks are automated. As seen in "" episodes featuring Jake and Joseph Sisko, people are apprarently not paid in credits for their work.

When the Federation Credit is shown, it is shown in one of three capacities:

* A bartering tool between the United Federation of Planets and other governments, presumably representing goods, services, or energy worthy of barter in a galaxy where physical wants often mean little. In the "Star Trek: The Next Generation" episode The Price, the Federation makes a large bid in Federation Credits in an attempt to purchase the rights to a stable wormhole.

* A means of internal budget allocation in the United Federation of Planets, such as in the "" episode (Errand of Mercy). While it has almost unlimited resources, they have been shown to be finite (such as having limited numbers of starships), and thus some method of allocating Federation and Starfleet resources must be used.

* A way for Federation citizens to barter for objects that cannot be replicated, such as live animals, such as in the "Star Trek: The Original Series" episode (The Trouble with Tribbles), or for services that are far too costly to be given away freely, such as hiring the services of an entire starship (""), or for the use of facilities (such as public transporters) that are in high demand and must have a method of rationing their access, such as in the "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine" episode (Explorers).

It is unclear how citizens gain credits, since they are not paid directly for their work in credits. As there is no poverty, there is likely a highly egalitarian and fair method of distributing the wealth of the United Federation of Planets to its citizens.

Controversy of the Credit

The Federation Credit has been a subject of controversy among fans and, at first glance, seemingly conflicting accounts in the source material.

For the first 20 years of "Star Trek", from 1965 until 1985, there was no indication that money was outmoded. The Original Series sometimes referenced the cost of services or objects in "credits". Earth society itself was never shown, but it was mentioned and implied to be peaceful and idyllic. In his writings at the time, Gene Roddenberry said he intentionally avoided talking about the political, social and economic structures of Earth, simply implying that it was far more advanced than the modern day.

The first mention of the Federation not having money in the modern sense was in 1986, in "". Kirk expresses frustration at the use of money on 1986 Earth. However, he merely mentioned that money is still being used, which could be a reference to a physical currency, rather than the virtual "credit" currency of the Federation at that time.

Then, in early 1988 in "The Neutral Zone", the last episode of the first season of "Star Trek: The Next Generation", Picard explains to a banker from the 20th century that economics are quite different and the pursuit of money is no longer a part of human existence, however earlier in that season in Encounter at Farpoint, Beverly Crusher purchased a bolt of fabric, while asking for it to be billed to her account on the USS Enterprise. Two years later, in the third season of TNG, in the episode "The Price", the Federation bids for ownership of the Barzan Wormhole in credits. This would appear to suggest that Federation citizens (and the Federation government) use money for transactions with "outsiders" (non-Federation citizens), but not amongst themselves. Indeed, while money is shown to be used in interactions with non-Federation species, it is not shown to be used among inhabitants of the Federation. In this way, there is no contradiction, and the apparent parodox is easily resolved.

Later in TNG, and especially in "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine", it was repeatedly stated that the Federation did not use money, and that the pursuit of money was generally abhorrent to humans, especially as a counterpoint to the highly capitalist Ferengi (although the Federation citizens on Deep Space Nine did purchase drinks and merchandise from Ferengi, and were no stranger to obtaining and using money, even if they didn't explicitly need any). In "Star Trek: Voyager", the episode "Dark Frontier" has Tom Paris explaining that money began to fade from use when the "New World Economy" arose in the late 22nd century (notably after the 2161 founding date of the Federation), meaning even by later explanations, money was in use in the early history of the Federation. In "", set in the 2150s, the issue was never brought up directly, however in the episode "These Are the Voyages..." (the series finale) the holographic Charles 'Trip' Tucker does mention money, in reference to types of trust, however this may have just been an example he made to make his point understandable, and not proof of the economics of the time.

Perhaps most famously, Captain Jean-Luc Picard states in the film "" that:"The economics of the future is somewhat different. You see, money doesn't exist in the 24th century. The acquisition of wealth is no longer the driving force in our lives. We work to better ourselves and the rest of humanity."

This was echoed almost word for word by Jake Sisko in the DS9 episode "In the Cards", in an exchange with the Ferengi Nog::Jake: "I'm Human, I don't have any money.":Nog: "It's not my fault that your species decided to abandon currency-based economics in favor of some philosophy of self-enhancement.":Jake: "Hey, watch it. There's nothing wrong with our philosophy. We work to better ourselves and the rest of humanity.":Nog: "What does that mean?":Jake: "It means we don't need money!"

It appears therefore that money ceased to be used "within" the Federation at some point prior to the 24th century (TNG). The concept of a moneyless society, in which each person contributes freely and willingly to the good of the whole, is not unique to Star Trek, and is a theme developed in Utopian theory and writings - such as William Morris' "News From Nowhere", published in 1890 in the United Kingdom. The economics of the Federation may be compared closely with Utopian philosophy and literature.

The Federation Credit in non-canon works

The Federation Credit appears in many alternate canons and non-canon but licensed works about Star Trek, generally basing their reference off of the appearances of the Federation Credit in the Original Series, and reinforced by their occasional reference in later works.

In the "Star Trek RPG" made by FASA from 1982 to 1989, it presented the Federation Credit in a method quite similar to modern currency, including pay rates for Starfleet members. Since the most of the products of this Star Trek book line were established before the apparent retcon of the Federation not using money in the modern sense was established, this was done in good faith to be consistent with Star Trek as they knew it at the time.

The "Star Trek RPG" made by Last Unicorn Games in 1998 through 2000 used the Federation Credit in it, as well as other units of currency mentioned in Star Trek canon, such as , the Bajoran Lita, and the Klingon Darsek. In accord with the ideas put forth later in TNG and in DS9, money was heavily de-emphasized (especially for Federation characters), and it is explained that Federation Credits are only used for purchasing luxury goods which could not be replicated or for special services, since Federation Citizens don't need money to live.

In the "Prime Directive" game set in the Star Fleet Universe alternate universe of Star Trek, the Federation credit is the basic monetary unit of the Federation, and is used in a method highly like modern currencies.

The Federation Credit also appears quite frequently in licensed, but non-canon, Star Trek novels, especially when the main characters are no longer a part of Starfleet and must tend with life beyond the core worlds of the Federation, such as "The Lost Years" by J.M. Dillard where Leonard McCoy, having recently quit Starfleet (set circa 2270, during the gap between TOS and ""), is stranded on a distant planet and attempts to radio the Federation from help and to warn them about a crisis that is emerging, only to find that interstellar communications are difficult and very expensive for civilians, or in "Prime Directive" by Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens where Hikaru Sulu, and Pavel Chekov, recently dishonorably discharged from Starfleet and publicly disgraced, can only find work with the Orion Syndicate to raise money to be able to clear their names, for which they are paid in Federation Credits.

ee also

*Credits (science fiction)