Kharkiv-style bandura

Kharkiv style banduras are banduras that allow for the playing of the Kharkiv style, i.e using the left hand to play melodic figures primarilly over the side of the instrument as opposed to the Kyiv style where the left hand primarilly plays the basses. To allow for the added required dexterity of the left hand, the instrument is held parallel to the body of the player.

These instruments are in comparison quite rare because they are all individually crafted primarily made by craftsmen outside of Ukraine. In recent times, they have become quite sought after in Ukraine. They are strung either diatonically (with 31-36 strings) or chromatically (with 61-65 strings).

Early instruments

The first standard Kharkiv bandura was designed and manufactured in 1926. This instrument was based on the Starosvitska bandura used by Hnat Khotkevych and was modified somewhat by Leonid Haydamaka. It was intended for use by the bandura students of Hnat Khotkevych at the Kharkiv Mus-dram Institute.

The first instrument was made by Kharkiv instrument maker Snehiriov. This instrument had a diatonic tuning with 31 strings. The back was hewn out of maple. Other instruments were also made by Kharkiv makers Maliukov, Kruhovy and Poltava maker Paliyevetz.

In the 1930's a workshop for the serial manufacture of diatonically tuned Kharkiv banduras was established by Leonid Haydamka in Kharkiv and later another by Paliyivetz in Poltava. As a result most players from Kharkiv and Poltava played on Kharkiv-style instruments. Modifications in the construction were gradually introduced such as glued backs, a mechanism for the rapid retuning of the instrument and a dampening mechanism.

Instruments were useed by the Kharkiv and Poltava Bandurist Capella and also the Kharkiv Bandurist Quartet and Kharkiv Orchestra of Ukrainian folk instruments.

After the war, unfortunately many of the diatonic banduras were remade into chromatic Kyiv-style banduras and were destroyed in the process.

Post war development

In the diaspora

Kharkiv bandura manufacture was continued by the Honcharenko brothers who took the standard Kharkiv bandura as the basis for their design. They improved on the acoustics and construction of the instruments adding a chromatic row of strings, placing the tuning pegs on the lower shemstok and improving the retuning mechanism. This instrument became he standard instrument of the Ukrainian Bandurist Capella. Honcharenko's designs were later taken and improved by the next generation of makers such as William Vetzal and Ken Bloom.

In Ukraine

In Ukraine attempts were made to bring the Kharkiv bandura's construction into line with the developements in the Kyiv concert bandura. These attmepts were initially made by Perekop Ivanov and Ivan Skliar and resulted in the development of the Kyiv-Kharkiv bandura which did not have a residing success. In recent times Vasyl Herasymenko in Lviv has made attempt to revive the instrument. Attempts were also made to have instruments serially manufactured in the Melnytso-Podilsk Musical instrument workshop.

The future

As scholarship reveals more of what Hnat Khotkevych's original ideas were, and as interest grows more players will turn to the Kharkiv bandura. Currently Canadian bandura maker William Vetzal has established serial manufacturing of Kharkiv banduras with backs made of fiberglass which were orderd by the Canadian Bandurist Capella. Two of these new designed instruments have recently been sold to bandurists in Ukraine.

References