Kyūjutsu

infobox martial art


name = Kyūjutsu
(弓術)
focus = Weaponry - Bow
hardness = Non-competitive
country = flagicon|Japan Japan
creator = No single creator
parenthood = Historical
olympic = No

Nihongo|Kyūjutsu|弓術 is the traditional Japanese martial art of wielding a bow. Although the samurai of feudal Japan are perhaps best known for their swordsmanship with a katana ("kenjutsu"), kyūjutsu was actually considered a more vital skill for a significant portion of Japanese history. During the majority of the Kamakura period through the Muromachi period (c.1185–c.1568), the bow was the symbol of the professional warrior, and way of life of the warrior was referred to as Nihongo|"the way of the horse and bow"|弓馬の道|kyūba no michi. [cite book
last = Mol
first = Serge
title = Classical Fighting Arts of Japan: A Complete Guide to Koryū Jūjutsu
publisher = Kodansha International Ltd.
date = 2001
location = Tokyo, Japan
pages = 70
isbn = 4-7700-2619-6]

Development and practice

One of the earliest formal schools of kyūjutsu, teaching a scientific approach to shooting the bow, was the Ogasawara-ryū, founded in the 14th century. In particular, the practice of shooting a bow while riding a horse at full gallop ("yabusame") was developed and trained extensively.cite book
last = Draeger
first = Donn F.
authorlink = Donn F. Draeger
coauthors = Smith, Robert William
title = Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts
publisher = Kodansha International Ltd.
date = 1980
location = Tokyo, Japan
pages = 106-108
url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_o73NOjb4p4C&pg=RA1-PA106&lpg=RA1-PA106&ots=cBLhT-BZ7i&dq=kyujutsu&output=html&sig=OVHIwGWQIZl5aYxtl35pJrYn7PU
isbn = 0870114360]

The bow ("yumi") itself was fairly unusual in its asymmetrical shape and extremely large size; a little under six feet to just over seven feet long and gripped only one third up from the bottom. At the height of their use, bows were made from a combination of wood and bamboo, and many different arrowheads were created for different applications. Training involved the shooting of 1000 arrows per day, and the techniques developed for their use were ritualized with systematic focus on the various stages of shooting and the mental attitude required for each. Additionally, many specialized tactics were developed for regiments of bowmen.

Decline and modern practice

Once firearms were introduced to Japan in the mid-16th century, emphasis upon the skill of kyūjutsu gradually began to decline. Kyūjutsu was eventually developed into the modern nihongo|"way of the bow"|弓道|kyūdō, still practiced today.

References