Picea jezoensis

Taxobox
name = Jezo Spruce
status = LR/lc | status_system = IUCN2.3

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image_width = 240px
image_caption = Jezo Spruce
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Pinophyta
classis = Pinopsida
ordo = Pinales
familia = Pinaceae
genus = "Picea"
species = "P. jezoensis"
binomial = "Picea jezoensis"
binomial_authority = (Siebold & Zucc.) Carr.

The Jezo Spruce ("Picea jezoensis") is a large evergreen tree growing to 30-50 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m. It is native to northeast Asia, from the mountains of central Japan and the Changbai Mountains on the China-North Korea border, north to eastern Siberia, including the Sikhote-Alin, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Kamchatka. It is found in cold but humid temperate rain forests, and nowhere does its range extend more than 400 km from the Pacific Ocean.

The bark is thin and scaly, becoming fissured in old trees. The crown is broad conic. The shoots are pale buff-brown, glabrous (hairless) but with prominent pulvini. The leaves are needle-like, 15-20 mm long, 2 mm broad, flattened in cross-section, dark green above with no stomata, and blue-white to white below with two dense bands of stomata.

The cones are pendulous, slender cylindrical, 4-7 cm long and 2 cm broad when closed, opening to 3 cm broad. They have thin, flexible scales 12-18 mm long. They are green or reddish, maturing pale brown 5-6 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 3 mm long, with a slender, 6-8 mm long pale brown wing.

There are two geographical subspecies, treated as varieties by some authors, and as distinct species by others:
*"Picea jezoensis" subsp. "jezoensis" (Jezo Spruce). All of the range except as below, south to Hokkaidō, Japan. Shoots very pale buff-brown, almost white; stomatal bands blue-white; cones pale brown with flexible scales.
*"Picea jezoensis" subsp. "hondoensis" (Mayr) P. A. Schmidt (Hondo Spruce). An isolated southern population on high mountains in central Honshū, Japan. Shoots buff-brown to orange-brown, less often very pale; stomatal bands bright white; cones orange-brown with stiffer scales.

Jezo Spruce is very closely related to Sitka Spruce ("Picea sitchensis"), which replaces it on the opposite side of the north Pacific. They, particularly subsp. "jezoensis", can be difficult to distinguish, with the absence of stomata on the upper surface of the leaves of "P. jezoensis" being the best feature. Its leaves are also somewhat blunter, less sharply spine-tipped, than Sitka Spruce.

Jezo Spruce is important in the Russian Far East and northern Japan, for timber and paper production. Much of what is cut is harvested unsustainably (and often illegally) from pristine natural forests.

It is also occasionally planted as an ornamental tree in large gardens.

The Ainu string instrument called "tonkori" has a body made from Jezo Spruce.

References

*

External links

* [http://www.conifers.org/pi/pic/jezoensis.htm Gymnosperm Database]
* [http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PICEAcones.htm Arboretum de Villardebelle - photos of cones of "Picea jezoensis" and related spruces]