- Elihu Burritt
Elihu Burritt (
December 8 ,1810 –March 6 ,1879 ) was an American philanthropist and social activist.He was born
December 8 ,1810 , in the town ofNew Britain, Connecticut in 1810.He was active in many causes, namely opposing
slavery , working for temperance, and trying to achieve world peace. These accomplishments caused President Lincoln to appoint him as a United Statesconsul inBirmingham, England .He published over 37 books and articles, including "Sparks from the Anvil" and "Ten Minute Talks". In 1847, his pamphlet "Four Months in Skibbereen" made residents of the United States more aware of the Potato Famine in
Ireland .Elihu Burritt died in
March 6 ,1879 in New Britain.He possessed an extraordinary aptitude for languages which allowed him to attain his marvelously rapid mastery of them. He first trained as, and followed the occupation of
blacksmith . His remarkable mental traits in combination with his continued pursuit of the blacksmiths' craft (particularly when short of cash) earned for him the title "Learned Blacksmith."During his time in Birmingham he lived in a modest house in the then still rural village of
Harborne to the west of the town. The house which he named New Britain Villas still stands. He was actively involved the local community, taking part in the committee for the rebuilding of the nearby St. Peter's Church. He recorded his thoughts on the industrialization of communities in the nearbyBlack Country in his book, Walks in the Black Country.During a trip abroad in 1846–47, he was deeply touched by the suffering of the Irish peasantry. In 1848, he organized a precursive entity to the
League of Nations and theUnited Nations called the first international congress of the Friends of Peace, which convened in Brussels in September, 1848. A second "Peace Congress" met in Paris in 1849 presided over by Victor Hugo. Burritt attended the "Peace Congresses" at Frankfort on the-Main in 1850, London in 1851,Manchester in 1852, and Edinburgh in 1853.The outbreak of the
Crimean War inEurope and theAmerican Civil War in theUnited States jolted his senses. He realized that his conceptions of universal brotherhood and international arbitration were not making an impression on the leaders of nations.Burritt advocated that Britain, (mother of Uniform Penny Post in 1840), should introduce an Ocean Penny Post. He urged the use of illustrated propaganda envelopes. Their objective was to reduce international mail rates from origin to destination to 3d instead of one shilling. Namely to 1/4 of what the maritime postal rates were, with the sea element reduced to 1d. He argued this would increase international correspondence, trade, and hence universal brotherhood. Postal rates were gradually reduced, but his objective was not entirely achieved in his lifetime.
ources
* [http://www.nndb.com/people/199/000102890/ NNDb]
External links
*:
**"Journal of a Visit of Three Days to Skibbereen, and its Neighbourhood"
**"A Walk from London to John O'Groat's"* [http://antislavery.eserver.org/tracts/burritttwentyreasons Twenty Reasons for Total Abstinence from Slave-Labour Produce] (185-) - at the Antislavery Literature Project
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