Holmöarna

Holmöarna (Swedish, literally "the islet islands") is an island group in the Kvarken narrows of the Gulf of Bothnia between Sweden and Finland. The islands form part of Umeå Municipality in Västerbotten County. The islands have 75 [ [http://www.umea.se/download/18.1382718810a4aa4f727800025807/Befmed+2005+holmon.pdf Umeå Municipality; Inhabitants by subdivision: Holmön (in Swedish)] ] year-round inhabitants and the largest islands are Holmön, Ängesön, Grossgrunden, Holmögadd and Lilla and Stora Fjäderägg. Large areas of the islands have been set aside as nature reserves.

Nature and Geography

The islands are situated in the Norra Kvarken narrows between the Bothnian Sea to the south and the Bothnian Bay to the north. Holmöarna's nature is quite diverse with areas covered in forest, bogs and lakes, and the islands have a rich birdlife. The islands' natural life is so special that the whole of Holmögadd, Stora Fjäderägg and Grossgrunden, nearly all of Ängesön and the eastern half of Holmön and all waters surrounding these have been protected as a nature reserve since 1980, incidentally the largest island nature reserve in Sweden. [ [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/holmoarnasv.html kvarkenguide.se: Holmöarna (in Swedish)] ] .

Many of the lakes and pools on Holmöarna are former bays and inlets which were severed from the sea due to the rising of the underlying land mass by about 8.5 mm (approx. ⅓") each year. "Strandbjerget", the islands' highest point at 25.83 meters above sea level, is found at Holmöns northern end. [ [http://www2.lantmateriet.se/ksos/index.html "Lantmäteriet's" online map search facility (in Swedish)] ]

Holmön

Holmön is the main island of the group and is still largely covered in spruce forest. The preserved main village of Holmö By is surrounded by open fields separated by narrow bands of woodland and stone walls with the occasional heap of cleared rocks.
The main part of Holmö By was built alongside Hallen esker, and about 20 farms adjoin the road leading south through cultivated moorland [ [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/holmoarnasv.html kvarkenguide.se: Holmöarna (in Swedish)] ] . The village has a church and primary school [http://www.skola.umea.se/savarskolor/omoss.4.13c1b69101a982ca2a800097998.html Sävar School (in Sedish)] ] as well as a fire station and a trade cooperative offering groceries, alcoholic beverages and petrol as well as apothecary, library and postal services. [ [http://www.holmon.com/Lanthandeln/ holmon.com:Holmön's trade cooperative (in Swedish)] ] .

Byviken village on the northwestern tip of Holmön hosts the islands' ferry and marina facilities. The Ship Museum is also located here, as well as a tourist information centre, restaurant, bathing beach and the "Holmögården" youth hostel. Berguddens fyrplats is a locality 3 km southwest of Byviken sporting a lighthouse from 1896 and some lighthouse keepers' cabins now converted to a hostel. [ [http://www.holmon.com/Hembygd/Bergudden.htm holmon.com: Bergudden lighthouse (in Swedish)] ] . Gäddbäckssundet ("Jäbbäckssundet" in local dialect) is a sound located to the southeast of Holmön, separating it from the island of Ängesön, and offering a secure anchorage.

Ängesön

Ängesön island is slightly bigger than Holmön, with lots of cut-off inlets, pools, and bogs from which reed used to be cut [ [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/holmoarnasv.html kvarkenguide.se: Holmöarna (in Swedish)] ] . The road leading from Byviken, through Holmö By, terminates near Grossgrunden on Ängesön's southern tip.

Grossgrunden

Grossgrunden (from Old Norse "grjót" meaning "rock" and "grund" meaning "bottom") was once an area of dangerous rocky shallows, but due to the post-glacial rebound it is now a proper island surrounded by outlying islets.

tora Fjäderägg

An islet northeast of Holmön with a lighthouse, bird conservation centre and a hostel.The island is an important resting point for migratory birds on their way to Asia and Africa. The southern half of the island has a number of ancient stone markings shaped in the form of labyrinths and compass roses, from the days Stora Fjäderägg was a fishing and sealing base [ [http://www.holmon.com/Holmon/Sev%E4rt.htm holmon.com: places of interest (in Swedish)] ] . The former lighthouse keeper's residence now houses a youth hostel [ [http://www.fyrvaktaren.se/fjaderagg/ fyrvaktaren.se: Stora Fjäderägg Lighthouse (in Swedish)] ] .

Holmögadd

Holmögadd, separated from Grossgrunden by "Gaddströmmen" sound, forms the southernmost tip of the Holmöarna islands. The island is best known for its lighthouse named "Holmögadd" dating from 1770. The entire island was a military shooting range from 1940, which was recently dismantled [ [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/holmoarnasv.html kvarkenguide.se: Holmöarna (in Swedish)] ] .

History

The islands played host to fishing and sealing parties from the moment the first islands broke the sea's surface around the start of the Christian era.

* Around 1300 the seasonal hunters and fishers supposedly first settled permanently on the islands. This supposition is backed by a number of toponyms found in the islands.
* In 1543 King Gustav Vasa starts taxing the farming inhabitants of Holmöarna. Seven farms were found in the islands at that point [ [http://www.ac.lst.se/kulturmiljo/riksintressen/umeakommun/holmonsby Västerbotten County Council: the Town of Holmön (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1698 the Umeå postmaster was ordered to have mail destined for Finland taken across Kvarken by Holmöarna's inhabitants whenever weather conditions allowed [ [http://www.holmon.com/Postrodd/ holmon.com: "postrodden" (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1717 Holmön was plundered by the Russians.
* In 1760 the first lighthouse of the Kvarken narrows was constructed on Holmögadd [ [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/holmoarnasv.html kvarkenguide.se: Holmöarna (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1802 the first church on Holmön, named "Helena Elisabeth" was built [ [http://www.vasterbottensmuseum.se/aktuellt/gammlia/byggnaderna.php#kyrkan Västerbotten museum; Gammlia: The church (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1838 the current lighthouse on Holmögadd was built.
* In 1860 the Swedish "Riksdag" parliament voted to release the farming population from the duty to bring mail across Kvarken [ [http://www.holmon.com/Postrodd/ holmon.com: "postrodden" (in Swedish)] ] ..
* In 1891 Helena Elisabeth's church becomes too crowded and a new church designed by Fritz Eckert is built on Strandsberget hill.
* In 1925 Holmön is designated a separate municipality [ [http://www.ac.lst.se/kulturmiljo/riksintressen/umeakommun/holmonsby Västerbotten County Council: the Town of Holmön (in Swedish)] ] .
* In the 1930s regular ferry traffic was taken up between Holmön and Ostnäs in mainland Sweden [ [http://farjerederiet.se/files/leder.aspx?LEDID=4 Ministry of Traffic Ferry Services: the Holmön service (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1956 the ferry's mainland port of call is moved to Norrfjärden [ [http://farjerederiet.se/files/leder.aspx?LEDID=4 Ministry of Traffic Ferry Services: the Holmön service (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1957 Helena Elisabeth's church is moved to "Gammlia" open-air museum near Umeå [ [http://www.vasterbottensmuseum.se/aktuellt/gammlia/byggnaderna.php#kyrkan Västerbotten museum; Gammlia: The church (in Swedish)] ] .
* From 1974 the islands are part of Umeå Municipality and stop being Sweden's smallest municipality [ [http://www.ac.lst.se/kulturmiljo/riksintressen/umeakommun/holmonsby Västerbotten County Council: the Town of Holmön (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1980 Holmöarna are designated a nature reserve. The reserve is Sweden's largest marine nature reserve. [ [http://www.ac.lst.se/txt/naturochmiljo/naturreservat/umeakommun/holmoarna|titel=Länsstyrelsen Västerbotten County: Holmöarna (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1983 the current ferry, named "Helena Elisabeth", is put into service. [ [http://farjerederiet.se/files/leder.aspx?LEDID=4 Ministry of Traffic Ferry Services: the Holmön service (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1984 a birding centre is housed in the former lighthouse keeper's residence on Stora Fjäderägg. [ [http://www.fyrvaktaren.se/fjaderagg/ fyrvaktaren.se: Stora Fjäderägg Lighthouse (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 1994 the first Holmön Folk Festival ("Visfestival Holmön") was held. [ [http://www.visfestivalen.nu Holmön Folk Festival (in Swedish)] ]
* In 1998 Holmön's Ship Museum is inaugurated. [ [http://www.fyrvaktaren.se/batmuseet Holmön Ship Museum (in Swedish)] ] .
* In 2001 a youth hostel was opened in the former lighthouse keeper's residence on Stora Fjäderägg. [ [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/fjaderaggsv.html Kvarken Nature Guide: Stora Fjäderägg (in Swedish)] ] .

Culture

* "Postrodden" is a yearly festival in memory of the duty imposed for centuries on the inhabitants of the Holmöarna and Björkö islands to bring mail and travellers across Kvarken.
* "Visfestival Holmön" is a Folk Festival held in held every year in July since 1994.

Communications

Communications between Byviken and Norrfjärden on the mainland are carried out free of charge by a car ferry in the ice-free months or as long as the boat is able to break its own course through the ice. Once the ice has grown too thick to break, a hydrocopter is put to use, but being susceptible to pervading winds, it is often replaced with a helicopter service. The ferry ride to the islands takes approximately 45 minutes.

From time to time "Holmöslupen", a reconstructed sloop as was once common along the coast of Västerbotten, sails between Byviken and Stora Fjäderägg accepting passengers [ [http://www.fyrvaktaren.se/slupen/ fyrvaktaren.se: the Sloop (in Swedish)] ] .

References

External links

* [http://www.holmon.com/Holmon/Holmon_e.htm Holmön's English-language homepage]
* [http://www.kvarkenguide.org/holmoarnasv.html Nature Guide to Kvarken: Holmöarna (in Swedish)]
* [http://www.umea.se/omkommunen/faktaomumea/faktaomsavar/holmoarna.4.bbd1b101a585d704800065806.html Umeå Municipality: Holmöarna]